Correlation of Impedance Cardiography-Derived and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Derived Stroke Volumes

Hemodynamic evaluation, especially cardiac output (CO),1 stroke volume (SV),2 and cardiac power index (CPI)3 measurements play a vital role in the management of several cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure, valvular pathologies, pulmonary hypertension and critical illness. Various methods incorporating a wide range of principles are available for assessing CO measurement. Cardiac catheterization (Fick and thermodilution methods), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and velocity-time integral during echocardiography are the most commonly used methods, each with inherent limitations (Table 1). In modern practice, repeating these investigations at different time-points to evaluate interval change and/or impact of therapies, or with exercise to assess exercise-mediated hemodynamic augmentation remains challenging. Hence these hemodynamic measurements have not yet been incorporated into routine clinical care or practice guidelines. With the exception of use of the balloon pulmonary artery catheter, currently utilized technologies (echocardiography, CMR and invasive hemodynamic assessment) generally provide data at a single time point. Moreover, due to its attendant risks, pulmonary artery catheterization is not routinely performed in all sick patients.4,5 An ideal technology that provides repeated hemodynamic measures should be non-invasive, simple, reliable, reproducible, easy to interpret, able to provide for continuous monitoring, and cost-effective. With continued technological advancements, a range of devices have emerged that provide non-invasive hemodynamic measures. Most devices incorporate either the principle of pulse contour analysis, bioimpedance or bioreactance. Non-Invasive Cardiac System [NICaS; NI Medical, Israel] is one such device incorporating the principle of continuous whole-body bioimpedance. It has previously been validated against the Fick and thermodilution methods for estimating CO, but not with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.6,7 In the present study, we compared and validated the NICaS-derived SV measurement with those calculated from CMR, as both technologies primarily measure SV and cardiac output in derived and noninvasive fashion.

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