Figure 1. Through methylation and inhibition of SHP1, EBV co-infection with H. Pylori promotes interaction between phosphorylated CagA protein and SHP2 leading to inflammation and malignant transformation.

Table 1. Clinical trials evaluating IDO1 inhibitors in cancers.

Table 1. Clinical trials evaluating IDO1 inhibitors in cancers.

Trial NameIdentificationPhaseStatusIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) Activity in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)NCT013979162CompletedIndoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitor in Advanced Solid TumorsNCT020487091CompletedNLG802 Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitor in Advanced Solid TumorsNCT031646031CompletedIntraperitoneal Natural Killer Cells and INCB024360 for Recurrent Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal CancerNCT021182851CompletedEpacadostat and Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III-IV MelanomaNCT019611152CompletedPembrolizumab in Combination with Epacadostat or Placebo in Cisplatin-ineligible Urothelial Carcinoma (KEYNOTE-672/ECHO-307)NCT033618653CompletedPembrolizumab + Epacadostat vs. Pembrolizumab + Placebo in Recurrent or Progressive Metastatic Urothelial CarcinomaNCT033744883CompletedPembrolizumab Plus Epacadostat, Pembrolizumab Monotherapy, and the EXTREME Regimen in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KEYNOTE-669/ECHO-304)NCT033584723ActivePembrolizumab Plus Epacadostat vs. Pembrolizumab Plus Placebo in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (KEYNOTE-654-05/ECHO-305-05)NCT033225402CompletedPembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Epacadostat vs. Standard of Care in mRCC (KEYNOTE-679/ECHO-302)NCT032608943ActiveA Study of Pembrolizumab Plus Epacadostat with Platinum-based Chemotherapy versus Pembrolizumab Plus Platinum-based Chemotherapy Plus Placebo in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (KEYNOTE-715-06/ECHO-306-06)NCT033225662CompletedChemo-immunotherapy Using Ibrutinib Plus Indoximod for Patients with Pediatric Brain CancerNCT051062961RecruitingPediatric Trial of Indoximod with Chemotherapy and Radiation for Relapsed Brain Tumors or Newly Diagnosed DIPGNCT040496692Recruiting