Treating inflammatory bone loss

Bone resorption is a common side effect of many inflammatory diseases but is often neglected during anti-inflammatory treatments. Xiaodong Li, Gaoxing Luo, Jianxiang Zhang and colleagues designed an injectable hydrogel capable of concomitantly treating inflammation and promoting bone tissue regeneration. The hydrogel, which was loaded with both inflammation-resolving therapeutic nanoparticles and ectomesenchymal stem cells, was used to heal periodontitis in rats. Although stem cells by themselves are promising for treating bone loss, the differentiation of stem cells depends in part on their local microenvironment, which is disturbed during inflammation. Owing to the dual functionality of the hydrogel, inflammation was mitigated, which favoured stem cell differentiation for dental tissue building. In addition, even though stem cells usually have a poor survival rate upon administration, functionalizing the hydrogel with peptides inhibited stem cell death, ultimately leading to improved bone formation.

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