Automatic Approach Behaviors in Alcohol Dependence: Does a Cognitive Bias Modification Training Affect Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects?

Chen K.a· Garbusow M.a· Sebold M.a,b· Zech H.G.Zimmermann U.d,e· Heinz A.a

Author affiliations

aDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
bDepartment for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
cInstitute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
dUniversity Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
eDepartment of Addiction Medicine and Psychotherapy, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Munich, Germany

Neuropsychobiology 2022;81:387–402

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Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Abstract of Research Article

Received: August 31, 2021
Accepted: August 14, 2022
Published online: November 18, 2022
Issue release date:

Number of Print Pages: 16
Number of Figures: 10
Number of Tables: 4

ISSN: 0302-282X (Print)
eISSN: 1423-0224 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/NPS

Abstract

Introduction: Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients. Methods: N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT. Conclusion: A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias.

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First-Page Preview

Abstract of Research Article

Received: August 31, 2021
Accepted: August 14, 2022
Published online: November 18, 2022
Issue release date:

Number of Print Pages: 16
Number of Figures: 10
Number of Tables: 4

ISSN: 0302-282X (Print)
eISSN: 1423-0224 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/NPS

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