Martini A, Lovell DJ, Albani S, et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):5. Published 2022 Jan 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00332-8.

Cárdenas-Roldán J, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya J-M. How do autoimmune diseases cluster in families? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med BioMed Central. 2013;11:1–22.

Google Scholar 

Anaya JM. Common mechanisms of autoimmune diseases (the autoimmune tautology). Autoimmun Rev Elsevier. 2012;11:781–4.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Prahalad S, McCracken CE, Ponder LA, Angeles-Han ST, Rouster Stevens KA, Vogler LB, et al. Familial autoimmunity in the childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance registry. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2016;14:1–7 2016 141. BioMed Central.

Article  Google Scholar 

Khani M, Ziaee V, Moradinejad M-H, Parvaneh N. The effect of positive family history of autoimmunity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis characteristics; a case control study. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23:569 Kowsar Medical Institute.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Mayouf SM, Alrasheedi A, Almsellati I, Hashad S, Khawaja K, Abdwani R, et al. Familial aggregation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with other autoimmune diseases: impact on clinical characteristics, disease activity status and disease damage. Int J Rheum Dis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2021;24:1080–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prahalad S, Shear E, Thompson S, Giannini E, Glass D. Increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity in simplex and multiplex families with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1851–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tronconi E, Miniaci A, Pession A. The autoimmune burden in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43:1–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang C, Yang Y, Chiang B. Different familial association patterns of autoimmune diseases between juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2004;37:88–94.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pachman LM, Hayford JR, Hochberg MC, Pallansch MA, Chung A, Daugherty CD, et al. New-onset juvenile dermatomyositis. Comparisons with a healthy cohort and children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1526–33 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pohjankoski H, Kautiainen H, Kotaniemi K, Korppi M, Savolainen A. Diabetes, coeliac disease, multiple sclerosis and chronic arthritis in first-degree relatives of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, vol. 101: Acta Paediatr; 2012. p. 767–71. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Google Scholar 

Swart J, Giancane G, Horneff G, Magnusson B, Hofer M, Alexeeva Е, et al. Pharmacovigilance in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients treated with biologic or synthetic drugs: combined data of more than 15,000 patients from Pharmachild and national registries. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20:285.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Consolaro A, Giancane G, Alongi A, van Dijkhuizen EHP, Aggarwal A, Al-Mayouf SM, et al. Phenotypic variability and disparities in treatment and outcomes of childhood arthritis throughout the world: an observational cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2019;3:255–63.

Article  Google Scholar 

Swart JF, EHP VD, Wulffraat NM, De Roock S. Clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score proves to be a useful tool in treat-to-target therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:336–42 

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Filocamo G, Davì S, Pistorio A, Bertamino M, Ruperto N, Lattanzi B, et al. Evaluation of 21-numbered circle and 10-centimeter horizontal line visual analog scales for physician and parent subjective ratings in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:1534–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parisi R, Iskandar IYK, Kontopantelis E, et al. National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: systematic analysis and modelling study. BMJ. 2020;369:m1590. Published 2020 May 28. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1590.

Vanderpump MPJ. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011;99:39–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Almutairi K, Nossent J, Preen D, Keen H, Inderjeeth C. The global prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis based on a systematic review. Rheumatol Int. 2020;41:863–77 2020 415 Springer.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stolwijk C, Onna M v, Boonen A, Tubergen A v. Global prevalence of Spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and Meta-regression analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016;68:1320–31 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, Underwood FE, Tang W, Benchimol EI, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2017;390:2769–78.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thierry S, Fautrel B, Lemelle I, Guillemin F. Prevalence and incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(2):112-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.09.003.

To T, Stanojevic S, Moores G, Gershon AS, Bateman ED, Cruz AA, et al. Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:204.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Fard HH, Ghojazadeh M. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heal Promot Perspect. 2020;10:98 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, Lanyon P, Zhang W. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology Oxford. 2017;56:1945–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Cai Y, Shi M, Jiang S, Cui S, Wu Y, et al. The prevalence of Vitiligo: a Meta-analysis. PLoS One. Public Library of Science. 2016;11:163806.

Google Scholar 

Singh P, Arora A, Strand TA, Leffler DA, Catassi C, Green PH, et al. Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16:823–836.e2 WB Saunders.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

García-Aparicio Á, García de Yébenes MJ, Otón T, Muñoz-Fernández S. Prevalence and Incidence of Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2021;28(6):461-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2021.1882506.

Wallin MT, Culpepper WJ, Nichols E, Bhutta ZA, Gebrehiwot TT, Hay SI, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:269–85.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arkema EV, Cozier YC. Sarcoidosis epidemiology: recent estimates of incidence, prevalence and risk factors. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020;26(5):527-34. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000715.

Qin B, Wang J, Yang Z, Yang M, Ma N, Huang F, et al. Epidemiology of primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1983–9 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Efthimiou P, Kontzias A, Hur P, Rodha K, Ramakrishna GS, Nakasato P. Adult-onset Still’s disease in focus: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and unmet needs in the era of targeted therapies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021;51:858–74 WB Saunders.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Wang F-S, Gershwin ME. Human autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive update. J Intern Med. 2015;278:369–95 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stagi S, Giani T, Simonini G, Falcini F. Thyroid function, autoimmune thyroiditis and coeliac disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2005;44:517–20 Oxford Academic.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robazzi TC, Adan LF, Pimentel K, Guimarães I, Magalhães Filho J, Toralles MB, et al. Autoimmune endocrine disorders and coeliac disease in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatic fever. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31:0310–7.

Google Scholar 

Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International league of associations for rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390–2.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan MO, Petty RE, Guzman J. A family history of psoriasis in a first-degree relative in children with JIA: to include or exclude? J Rheumatol. 2016;43:944–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harel L, Prais D, Uziel Y, et al. Increased prevalence of antithyroid antibodies and subclinical hypothyroidism in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(1):164-6.

Alpigiani M, Cerboni M, Bertini I, D’Annunzio G, Haupt R, Iester A, et al. Endocrine autoimmunity in young patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20:565–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moroldo MB, Chaudhari M, Shear E, Thompson SD, Glass DN, Giannini EH. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affected sibpairs: Extent of clinical phenotype concordance. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:1928–34 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Säilä HM, Savolainen HA, Kotaniemi KM, Kaipiainen-Seppänen OA, Leirisalo-Repo MT, Aho KV. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in multicase families. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19:218–20.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Mayouf SM, Madi SM, AlMane K, Al Jummah S. Comparison of clinical and laboratory variables in familial versus sporadic systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(3):597-600.

Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Segni M, Pucarelli I, Truglia S, Turriziani I, Serafinelli C, Conti F. High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in children with thyroid autoimmunity. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:150239. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/150239.

Bach JF. The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;18:105–20 Nature Publishing Group.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flatø B, Lien G, Smerdel-Ramoya A, Vinje O. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis: Longterm outcome and differentiation from other subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:642–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ekelund M, Aalto K, Fasth A, et al. Psoriasis and associated variables in classification and outcome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis - an eight-year follow-up study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2017;15(1):13. Published 2017 Feb 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-017-0145-5.

Ünsal E, Ören O, Salar K, Makay B, Abacı A, Özhan B, et al. The frequency of autoimmune thyroid disorders in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Turk J Pediatr. 2008;50:462–5.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Straalen JW, Krol RM, Giancane G, et al. Increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease on etanercept in juvenile idiopathic arthritis regardless of concomitant methotrexate use. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(5):2104-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab678.

Trivedi M, Denton E. Asthma in children and adults—what are the differences and what can they tell us about asthma? Front Pediatr. 2019;7:256 Frontiers Media SA.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zeft A, Shear ES, Thompson SD, Glass DN, Prahalad S. Familial autoimmunity: maternal parent-of-origin effect in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:241–4.

Article