Beutler BA. TLRs and innate immunity. Blood. 2009;113:1399–407.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science. 2002;296:301–5.
Donnelly CR, Chen O, Ji RR. How do sensory neurons sense danger signals? Trends Neurosci. 2020;43:822–38.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee KY, Rhim JW, Kang JH. Kawasaki disease: laboratory findings and an immunopathogenesis on the premise of a “protein homeostasis system.” Yonsei Med J. 2012;53:262–75.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee KY. A common immunopathogenesis mechanism for infectious diseases: the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis. Infect Chemother. 2015;47:12–26.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lee KY. A unified pathogenesis for kidney diseases, including genetic diseases and cancers, by the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2017;36:132–44.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rhim JW, Kang JH, Lee KY. Etiological and pathophysiological enigmas of severe coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65:153–66.
Kielian T. Toll-like receptors in central nervous system glial inflammation and homeostasis. J Neurosci Res. 2006;83:711–30.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Elmer BM, McAllister AK. Major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in brain development and plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 2012;35:660–70.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fu BM, Zhao Z, Zhu D. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and transport measurement in vitro and in vivo. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2367:105–22.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kadry H, Noorani B, Cucullo L. A blood-brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020;17:69.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Herisson F, Frodermann V, Courties G, Rohde D, Sun Y, Vandoorne K, et al. Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21:1209–17.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cugurra A, Mamuladze T, Rustenhoven J, Dykstra T, Beroshvili G, Greenberg ZJ, et al. Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma. Science. 2021;373:eabf7844.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Damkier HH, Brown PD, Praetorius J. Cerebrospinal fluid secretion by the choroid plexus. Physiol Rev. 2013;93:1847–92.
de Graaf MT, Smitt PA, Luitwieler RL, van Velzen C, van den Broek PD, Kraan J, et al. Central memory CD4+ T cells dominate the normal cerebrospinal fluid. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2011;80:43–50.
Leuzy A, Cullen NC, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Hansson O. Current advances in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021;34:266–74.
Kim SH, Chae SA. Promising candidate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of seizure disorder, infection, inflammation, tumor, and traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65:56–64.
Wakamatsu K, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Miyai Y, Matsumoto K, Kamada M, et al. Metabolites and biomarker compounds of neurodegenerative diseases in cerebrospinal fluid. Metabolites. 2022;12:343.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gao L, Altae-Tran H, Böhning F, Makarova KS, Segel M, Schmid-Burgk JL, et al. Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes. Science. 2020;369:1077–84.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hillyer JF. Insect immunology and hematopoiesis. Dev Comp Immunol. 2016;58:102–18.
Croese T, Castellani G, Schwartz M. Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection. Nat Immunol. 2021;22:1083–92.
Falsig J, van Beek J, Hermann C, Leist M. Molecular basis for detection of invading pathogens in the brain. J Neurosci Res. 2008;86:1434–47.
Hendriksen E, van Bergeijk D, Oosting RS, Redegeld FA. Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;79:119–33.
Masuda T, Sankowski R, Staszewski O, Prinz M. Microglia heterogeneity in the single-cell era. Cell Rep. 2020;30:1271–81.
Nayak D, Roth TL, McGavern DB. Microglia development and function. Annu Rev Immunol. 2014;32:367–402.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jensen CJ, Massie A, De Keyser J. Immune players in the CNS: the astrocyte. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013;8:824–39.
Khakh BS, Sofroniew MV. Diversity of astrocyte functions and phenotypes in neural circuits. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:942–52.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rossi D. Astrocyte physiopathology: at the crossroads of intercellular networking, inflammation and cell death. Prog Neurobiol. 2015;130:86–120.
Reber LL, Hernandez JD, Galli SJ. The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140:335–48.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Onnes MC, Tanno LK, Elberink JN. Mast Cell Clonal Disorders: Classification, Diagnosis and Management. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2016;3:453–64.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Thangavel R, Khan A, et al. COVID-19, mast cells, cytokine storm, psychological stress, and neuroinflammation. Neuroscientist. 2020;26:402–14.
Pardanani A. Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2021 Update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2021;96:508–25.
Afrin LB, Pöhlau D, Raithel M, Haenisch B, Dumoulin FL, Homann J, et al. Mast cell activation disease: An underappreciated cause of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms and diseases. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;50:314–21.
Greenhalgh AD, David S, Bennett FC. Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020;21:139–52.
Schiller M, Ben-Shaanan TL, Rolls A. Neuronal regulation of immunity: why, how and where? Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21:20–36.
Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, Chavakis T, Divangahi M, Fuchs E, et al. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:375–88.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Netea MG, Quintin J, Van Der Meer JWM. Trained immunity: a memory for innate host defense. Cell Host Microbe. 2011;9:355–61.
Casey MJ, Stumpf PS, MacArthur BD. Theory of cell fate. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2020;12: e1471.
Nakatogawa H, Suzuki K, Kamada Y, Ohsumi Y. Dynamics and diversity in autophagy mechanisms: lessons from yeast. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009;10:458–67.
Jayaraj GG, Hipp MS, Hartl FU. Functional modules of the proteostasis network. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2020;12:a033951.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hommen F, Bilican S, Vilchez D. Protein clearance strategies for disease intervention. J Neural Transm. 2022;129:141–72.
Morozov AV, Karpov VL. Proteasomes and several aspects of their heterogeneity relevant to cancer. Front Oncol. 2019;9:761.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Alfaro E, Díaz-García E, García-Tovar S, Zamarrón E, Mangas A, Galera R, et al. Upregulated proteasome subunits in covid-19 patients: a link with hypoxemia. Lymphopenia Inflamm Biomolrc. 2022;12:442.
Lyapina I, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Peptidome: Chaos or Inevitability. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:13128.
留言 (0)