Hepatoprotective effects of parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) extract in rats with bile duct ligation

Chronic liver diseases are major health problems causing mortality in the world. Liver damage and fibrosis develop in response to a wide variety of etiologies, including viral infection, toxin exposure, alcohol, metabolic diseases, cholestatic and biliary disorders [1]. If liver fibrosis is left untreated, it lead to cirrhosis, the advanced stage of the disease that is thought to affect 2 % of the population, resulting in liver failure and death [2].

Fibrosis develops as a result of the events initiated by the tissue to protect itself against various chronic stimuli [2]. Liver fibrosis, which begins with hepatocyte damage at the beginning, causes the recruitment of inflammatory cells, and then continues with the release of cytokines [3]. The activation of liver stellate cells and the initiation of excessive collagen synthesis causes liver fibrosis. As a result of this imbalance in the liver, the liver structure and functions deteriorate and cause organ damage [4]. Although a significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis in the last 20 years, an effective antifibrotic treatment has not yet been found.

It is known that oxidative damage plays a key role in the initiation and progression of tissue fibrosis associated with cholestasis [5]. Tissue damage caused by oxidative stress occurs as a result of the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to damage of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and deplete antioxidant enzymes [6].

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a bright green, hairless, biennial plant belonging to the Apiaceae family [7]. Although the origin of parsley is in the Mediterranean region, it is widely produced all over the world [8]. Parsley, is a plant rich in essential oils, flavonoids, coumarin, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, tannins, sterols, a variety of antioxidants such as A and K vitamins, ascorbic acid, potassium, and magnesium. It has beneficial effects on diabetes, various heart and kidney diseases, eczema, kidney stones, anemia, etc. In addition, it is known to be beneficial against disorders such as hyperuricemia, constipation, pain, baldness, earache, obesity, fluid retention and urinary tract infections [9]. However, the possible effects of parsley on liver damage due to bile duct obstruction has not been studied yet.

In the light of the information above, present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of parsley on oxidative injury, inflammation and apoptosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in the liver tissues using histological and biochemical analyzes.

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