*Enterprise Intelligence and Data Solutions Program Management Office, Program Executive Office, Defense Healthcare Management Systems, Rosslyn, VA

†Department of Pharmaceutical Health Service Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

‡Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD

§Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR

∥School of Medicine

¶Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University

#Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD

The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University, US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, the Department of Defense, the US Government, or the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc.

Funding for this project, in part, was provided by the Uniformed Services University through Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. under Cooperative Agreement #HU00011920042.

This study received local Institutional Review Board approval.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence to: Ryan C. Costantino, PharmD, MS, Defense Health Agency, 3515 South General McMullen, Building 1, San Antonio, TX 78226. E-mail: [email protected].

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