*Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

†Department of Surgery, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

‡Multi-Organ Transplant. University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

§Department of Surgery, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

∥Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

¶ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

#Critical Care and Trauma, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

**Department of Surgery, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

[email protected]

G.S. and H.M. contributed equally to this manuscript.

This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Parts of this material are based on data and information compiled and provided by: MOHLTC, Ceo, and CIHI. The analyses, conclusions, opinions, and statements expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the funding or data sources; no endorsement is intended or should be inferred.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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