*Department of Surgery, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84121

†Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84113

‡Indiana University Health Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN 46202

§Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202

∥Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202

¶Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905

#Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202

[email protected]

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

This study was supported by the following awards: NIH NCATS KL2 TR001106; NIH NCATS KL2 TR002530; NIH NCATS UL1 TR002529; NIH NICHD R21 HD097452; and the Indiana University Grand Challenges Program.