Research ArticleAIDS/HIVCOVID-19 Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.158402

Daniel J. Schuster,1,2,3 Shelly Karuna,4 Caroline Brackett,1,2 Martina Wesley,1,2 Shuying S. Li,4 Nathan Eisel,1,2 DeAnna Tenney,1,2 Sir’Tauria Hilliard,1,2 Nicole L. Yates,1,2 Jack R. Heptinstall,1,2 LaTonya D. Williams,1,2 Xiaoying Shen,1,2 Robert Rolfe,1,2,5 Robinson Cabello,6 Lu Zhang,1,2 Sheetal Sawant,1,2 Jiani Hu,4 April Kaur Randhawa,4 Ollivier Hyrien,4 John A. Hural,4 Lawrence Corey,4 Ian Frank,7 Georgia D. Tomaras,1,2,3,8 Kelly E. Seaton,1,2 and HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team9

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Schuster, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Karuna, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Brackett, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wesley, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Li, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Eisel, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Tenney, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Hilliard, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Yates, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Heptinstall, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Williams, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Shen, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Rolfe, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Cabello, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Zhang, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Sawant, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Hu, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Randhawa, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Hyrien, O. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Hural, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Corey, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Frank, I. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Tomaras, G. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Seaton, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Center for Human Systems Immunology,

2Department of Surgery, and

3Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

4Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

6Asociación Civil Via Libre, Lima, Peru.

7Division of Infectious Disease, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

8Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

9The HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team are detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments.

Address correspondence to: Kelly E. Seaton or Georgia D. Tomaras, Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Duke University, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA. Phone: 919.681.4552; Email: kelly.seaton@duke.edu (KES). Phone: 919.681.5598; Email: Georgia.tomaras@duke.edu (GDT).

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Authorship note: CB and MW contributed equally to this work.

Published September 22, 2022 - More info

Published in Volume 7, Issue 21 on November 8, 2022
JCI Insight. 2022;7(21):e158402. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.158402.
© 2022 Schuster et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Published September 22, 2022 - Version history
Received: January 14, 2022; Accepted: September 14, 2022 View PDF Abstract

People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) exhibit more rapid antibody decline following routine immunization and elevated baseline chronic inflammation than people without HIV-1 (PWOH), indicating potential for diminished humoral immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conflicting reports have emerged on the ability of PLWH to maintain humoral protection against SARS-CoV-2 coinfection during convalescence. It is unknown whether peak COVID-19 severity, along with HIV-1 infection status, associates with the quality and quantity of humoral immunity following recovery. Using a cross-sectional observational cohort from the United States and Peru, adults were enrolled 1–10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis or symptom resolution. Serum antibodies were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2–specific response rates, binding magnitudes, ACE2 receptor blocking, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Overall, (a) PLWH exhibited a trend toward decreased magnitude of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies, despite modestly increased overall response rates when compared with PWOH; (b) PLWH recovered from symptomatic outpatient COVID-19 had comparatively diminished immune responses; an