From the *Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

the †Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

‡Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX

the §Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

the ‖Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

the ¶Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

the #Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

the **Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX

the ††Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Received November 30, 2021; accepted July 21, 2022.

E.B.O., J.-H.C., and J.N. share Patent #US10478116 B2 (University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc.), there are no competing financial interests. J.N. receives research support from Infant Bacterial Therapeutics and is a consultant for Astarte. R.S. is a consultant for Allergan and is a member on the Speaker’s Bureau for Abbott Nutrition. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

Sources of Funding: This work was supported by Children’s HealthSM (E.B.O.); The Gerber Foundation (S.M.); NIH/NIDDK K08DK100545 (J.M.); and NIH/NCATS 1KL2TR003981 and UL1TR003163, (UT Southwestern CTSA). A.Y.K. is supported by NIH/NIAID K24AI150992 (A.Y.K.) and the UTSW and Children’s Health Cellular and Immunotherapeutics Program. The funding sources had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jpgn.org).

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Eric Brum Ortigoza, MD, MSCR, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 ([email protected]).