Akbari M.E.a· Akbari A.a· Khayamzadeh M.a,b· Salmanian R.a· Akbari M.c

Author affiliations

aCancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
bAcademy of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
cFaculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

Log in to MyKarger to check if you already have access to this content.

Buy FullText & PDF Unlimited re-access via MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more

CHF 38.00 *
EUR 35.00 *
USD 39.00 *

Select

KAB

Buy a Karger Article Bundle (KAB) and profit from a discount!

If you would like to redeem your KAB credit, please log in.

Save over 20% compared to the individual article price.

Learn more

Access via DeepDyve Unlimited fulltext viewing Of this article Organize, annotate And mark up articles Printing And downloading restrictions apply

Select

Subscribe Access to all articles of the subscribed year(s) guaranteed for 5 years Unlimited re-access via Subscriber Login or MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more

Subcription rates

Select

* The final prices may differ from the prices shown due to specifics of VAT rules.

Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Received: August 01, 2021
Accepted: August 23, 2022
Published online: September 14, 2022

Number of Print Pages: 10
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 4

ISSN: 1661-3791 (Print)
eISSN: 1661-3805 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/BRC

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the 5- and 10-year survival rates of breast cancer in Iran. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in 2019 on breast cancer patients registered in the national cancer registry system of Iran during 2007–2014. The patients were contacted to collect their information and status (alive or dead). Age and pathological type of tumor were categorized into five groups, and the place of residence was divided into 13 regions. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 87,902 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer during the study, 22,307 of whom were followed-up. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of the patients were 80% and 69%, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 50.68 ± 12.76 years (median age, 49 years). About 2.3% of the patients were male. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 69% and 50% in men, respectively. The highest survival rate was reported in the age group of 40–49 years, and the lowest rate was found in the age group of ≥70 years. Of all pathological types, 88% were found in the invasive ductal carcinoma group; the highest survival rate was reported in the noninvasive carcinoma group. The highest survival rate was reported in the Tehran region and the lowest in the Hamedan region. Based on the results, the Cox proportional hazards model, sex, age group, and pathological type were statistically significant differences. Conclusion: This nationwide study performed on breast cancer patients indicated an improvement in the overall survival rate of these patients over the past years (the 5-year survival rate increased from 71% in 2011 to 80% in the present study), which might be attributed to advances in cancer management.

© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel

References Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209–49. Epub 2021 Feb 4. Minestry of Health and Medical Education; Deputy of Health and Treatment; Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Cancer Office. Annual Report of Iranian National Cancer Registry. 2015. [Persian]. Farhood B, Geraily G, Alizadeh A. Incidence and mortality of various cancers in Iran and compare to other countries: a review article. Iran J Public Health. 2018 Mar;47(3):309–16. Zahedi R, Molavi Vardanjani H, Baneshi MR, Haghdoost AA, Malekpour Afshar R, Ershad Sarabi R, et al. Incidence trend of breast cancer in women of Eastern Mediterranean region countries from 1998 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20:53. Movahedi M, Haghighat S, Khayamzadeh M, Moradi A, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Mirzaei H, et al. Survival rate of breast cancer based on geographical variation in Iran, a national study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012 Dec;14(12):798–804. Epub 2012 Dec 6. White MC, Babcock F, Hayes NS, Mariotto AB, Wong FL, Kohler BA, et al. The history and use of cancer registry data by public health cancer control programs in the United States. Cancer. 2017 Dec 15;123(Suppl 24):4969–76. Celentano D, Szklo M. Gordis Epidemiology. 6th ed. MD: Johns Hopkins School of Public Health; 2018. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Breast cancer: statistics. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/statistics (accessed July 4, 2021). Cancer Research, UK. Breast cancer survival statistics. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer/survival (accessed July 4, 2021). Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, Harewood R, Matz M, Nikšić M. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Lancet. 2018 Mar 17;391(10125):1023–75. Epub 2018 Jan 31. Ginsburg O, Yip CH, Brooks A, Cabanes A, Caleffi M, Dunstan Yataco JA, et al. Breast cancer early detection: a phased approach to implementation. Cancer. 2020 May 15;126(S10):2379–93. Nafissi N, Khayamzadeh M, Zeinali Z, Pazooki D, Hosseini M, Akbari M. Epidemiology and histopathology of breast cancer in Iran versus other middle eastern countries. Middle East J Cancer. 2018;9(3):243–51. Akbari A, Khayamzadeh M, Salmanian R, Ghanbari Motlagh A, Roshandel G, Nouri M, et al. National cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in Iran (2005 - 2014). Int J Cancer Manag. 2019;12(6):e94145. Sun D, Cao M, Li H, He S, Chen W. Cancer burden and trends in China: a review and comparison with Japan and South Korea. Chin J Cancer Res. 2020 Apr;32(2):129–39. Sathwara J, Bobdey S, Ganesh B. Breast cancer survival studies in India: a review. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(8):3102–8. Özmen V, Özmen T, Doğru V. Breast Cancer in Turkey; an analysis of 20.000 patients with breast cancer. Eur J Breast Health. 2019 Jul 1;15(3):141–6. Dafni U, Tsourti Z, Alatsathianos I. Breast Cancer Statistics in the European Union: incidence and survival across European countries. Breast Care. 2019 Dec;14(6):344–53. Epub 2019 Oct 8. Tryggvadóttir L, Gislum M, Bray F, Klint A, Hakulinen T, Storm HH, et al. Trends in the survival of patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the Nordic countries 1964-2003 followed up to the end of 2006. Acta Oncol. 2010 Jun;49(5):624–31. World Health Organization. Cancer. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cancer (accessed July 4, 2021). Institute of Medicine (US); National Research Council (US); National Cancer Policy Board. 5. Potential of screening to reduce the burden of cancer. In: Curry SJ, Byers T, Hewitt M, editors. Fulfilling the potential of cancer prevention and early detection. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); 2003. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223933/. Foroozani E, Ghiasvand R, Mohammadianpanah M, Afrashteh S, Bastam D, Kashefi F, et al. Determinants of delay in diagnosis and end stage at presentation among breast cancer patients in Iran: a multi-center study. Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 8;10(1):21477. Ataeinia B, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Shabani M, Gohari K, Sheidaei A, Rezaei N, et al. National and subnational incidence, mortality, and years of life lost due to breast cancer in Iran: trends and age-period-cohort analysis since 1990. Front Oncol. 2021 Mar 25;11:561376. Yılmaz HH, Yazıhan N, Tunca D, Sevinç A, Olcayto EÖ, Ozgül N, et al. Cancer trends and incidence and mortality patterns in Turkey. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jan;41(1):10–6. Epub 2010 Jun 17. Malik IA. Clinico-pathological features of breast cancer in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2002 Mar;52(3):100–4. Abdulrahman GO Jr, Rahman GA. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Europe and Africa. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;2012:915610. Epub 2012 May 27. Lakkis NA, Adib SM, Osman MH, Musharafieh UM, Hamadeh GN. Breast cancer in Lebanon: incidence and comparison to regional and Western countries. Cancer Epidemiol. 2010 Jun;34(3):221–5. Epub 2010 Apr 22. Di Sibio A, Abriata G, Forman D, Sierra MS. Female breast cancer in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016 Sep;44(Suppl 1):S110–20. Bowen RL, Duffy SW, Ryan DA, Hart IR, Jones JL. Early onset of breast cancer in a group of British black women. Br J Cancer. 2008 Jan 29;98(2):277–81. Epub 2008 Jan 8. Leong SPL, Shen ZZ, Liu TJ, Agarwal G, Tajima T, Paik NS, et al. Is breast cancer the same disease in Asian and Western countries? World J Surg. 2010 Oct;34(10):2308–24. Alieldin NH, Abo-Elazm OM, Bilal D, Salem SE, Gouda E, Elmongy M, et al. Age at diagnosis in women with non-metastatic breast cancer: Is it related to prognosis? J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2014 Mar;26(1):23–30. Epub 2013 Oct 21. Gnerlich JL, Deshpande AD, Jeffe DB, Sweet A, White N, Margenthaler JA. Elevated breast cancer mortality in women younger than age 40 years compared with older women is attributed to poorer survival in early-stage disease. J Am Coll Surg. 2009 Mar;208(3):341–7. Epub 10 Jan 21. Assi HA, Khoury KE, Dbouk H, Khalil LE, Mouhieddine TH, El Saghir NS. Epidemiology and prognosis of breast cancer in young women. J Thorac Dis. 2013 Jun;5(Suppl 1):S2–8. Chen HL, Zhou MQ, Tian W, Meng KX, He HF. Effect of age on breast cancer patient prognoses: a population-based study using the SEER 18 database. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 31;11(10):e0165409. Tan KF, Adam F, Hussin H, Mohd Mujar NM. A comparison of breast cancer survival across different age groups: A multicentric database study in Penang, Malaysia. Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021038. Epub 2021 May 25. Brandt J, Garne JP, Tengrup I, Manjer J. Age at diagnosis in relation to survival following breast cancer: a cohort study. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13:33. Zhang X, Yang J, Cai H, Ye Y. Young age is an independent adverse prognostic factor in early stage breast cancer: a population-based study. Cancer Manag Res. 2018 Sep 27;10:4005–18. Salehi A, Zeraati H, Mohammad K, Mahmoudi M, Talei AR, Ghaderi A, et al. Survival of male breast cancer in Fars, South of Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2011 Feb;13(2):99–105. Epub 2011 Feb 1. Yalaza M, İnan A, Bozer M. Male breast cancer. J Breast Health. 2016 Jan 1;12(1):1–8. DeGennaro V Jr, Jiwani F, Patberg E, Gibbs M, Libby R, Gabriel D, et al. Epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of breast cancer in Haiti. J Glob Oncol. 2018 Sep;4:1–9. Song QK, Li J, Huang R, Fan JH, Zheng RS, Zhang BN, et al. Age of diagnosis of breast cancer in china: almost 10 years earlier than in the United States and the European union. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(22):10021–5. Balabram D, Turra CM, Gobbi H. Survival of patients with operable breast cancer (Stages I-III) at a Brazilian public hospital: a closer look into cause-specific mortality. BMC Cancer. 2013 Sep 24;13(1):434. Yamauchi H, Woodward WA, Valero V, Alvarez RH, Lucci A, Buchholz TA, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: what we know and what we need to learn. Oncologist. 2012;17(7):891–9. Epub 2012 May 14. Ramalho I, Campos S, Rebelo T, Figueiredo Dias M. A scary onset of a rare and aggressive type of primary breast sarcoma: a case report. Case Rep Oncol. 2016;9(3):796–801. Orlandi A, Sanchez AM, Calegari MA, D’Archi S, Santoro A, Di Leone A, et al. Diagnosis and management of breast lymphoma: a single-institution retrospective analysis. Transl Cancer Res. 2018;7(S3):S272–80. Holleczek B, Jansen L, Brenner H. Breast cancer survival in Germany: a population-based high resolution study from Saarland. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 31;8(7):e70680. Rezaianzadeh A, Jalali M, Maghsoudi A, Mokhtari AM, Azgomi SH, Dehghani SL. The overall 5-year survival rate of breast cancer among Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. Breast Dis. 2017;37(2):63–8. Liedke PER, Finkelstein DM, Szymonifka J, Barrios CH, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Bines J, et al. Outcomes of breast cancer in Brazil related to health care coverage: A retrospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Jan;23(1):126–33. Epub 2013 Oct 28. Park EH, Min SY, Kim Z, Yoon CS, Jung KW, Nam SJ, et al. Basic facts of breast cancer in Korea in 2014: the 10-year overall survival progress. J Breast Cancer. 2017 Mar;20(1):1–11. Epub 2017 Mar 24. Maajani K, Khodadost M, Fattahi A, Pirouzi A. Survival rates of patients with breast cancer in countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. East Mediterr Health J. 2020 Feb 24;26(2):219–32. Dolatkhah R, Somi MH, Jafarabadi MA, Hosseinalifam M, Sepahi S, Belalzadeh M, et al. Breast cancer survival and incidence: 10 years cancer registry data in the northwest, Iran. Int J Breast Cancer. 2020 May 1;2020:1963814. Akbari ME, Khayamzadeh M, Khoushnevis SJ, Nafisi N, Akbari A. Five and ten years’ survival in breast cancer patients mastectomies vs. breast conserving surgeries, personal experience. Iran J Cancer Prev;1:53–6. Fallahzadeh H, Momayyezi M, Akhundzardeini R, Zarezardeini S. Five-year survival of women with breast cancer in Yazd. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(16):6597–601. Dasgupta P, Baade PD, Youlden DR, Garvey G, Aitken JF, Wallington I, et al. Variations in outcomes by residential location for women with breast cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 29;8(4):e019050. Phung MT, Tin Tin S, Elwood JM. Prognostic models for breast cancer: a systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2019 Mar 14;19(1):230. Institute of Medicine (US). 8. Health promotion and disease prevention in the health care system. In: Stoto MA, Behrens R, Rosemont C, editors. Healthy people 2000: citizens chart the course. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); 1990. Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Received: August 01, 2021
Accepted: August 23, 2022
Published online: September 14, 2022

Number of Print Pages: 10
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 4

ISSN: 1661-3791 (Print)
eISSN: 1661-3805 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/BRC

Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.