aDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University

bSamsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center

cDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

dSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center

eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine

fDepartment of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Correspondence to Soo-young Oh, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82 02 3410 3517; fax: +82 02 3410 0630; e-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: GD, gestational day; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; IL-6, interleukin-6; l-NAME, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SEM, standard error of the mean; sFlt-1, soluble fms-like kinase-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha

Received 12 September, 2021

Revised 7 July, 2022

Accepted 19 July, 2022

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