Ala, A., Walker, A. P., Ashkan, K., Dooley, J. S., & Schilsky, M. L. (2007). Wilson’s disease. Lancet (London, England), 369(9559), 397–408.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alexander, A. L., Hurley, S. A., Samsonov, A. A., Adluru, N., Hosseinbor, A. P., Mossahebi, P., et al. (2011). Characterization of cerebral white matter properties using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging stains. Brain Connectivity, 1(6), 423–446.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beaulieu, C. (2002). The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system - a technical review. NMR in Biomedicine, 15(7–8), 435–455.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bull, P. C., Thomas, G. R., Rommens, J. M., Forbes, J. R., & Cox, D. W. (1993). The Wilson disease gene is a putative copper transporting P-type ATPase similar to the Menkes gene. Nature Genetics, 5(4), 327–337.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang, I. J., & Hahn, S. H. (2017). The genetics of Wilson disease. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 142, 19–34.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Członkowska, A., Litwin, T., & Chabik, G. (2017). Wilson disease: Neurologic features. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 142, 101–119.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Degirmenci, C., Palamar, M. (2020). Evaluation and grading of Kayser-Fleischer ring in Wilson disease by Scheimpflug camera. European Journal of Ophthalmology. 1120672120931025.

Dong, T., Yang, W. M., Wu, M. C., Zhang, J., Huang, P., Xu, C. S., et al. (2019). Microstructure changes in whiter matter relate to cognitive impairment in Wilson's disease. Bioscience Reports, 39(3).

Dusek, P., Litwin, T., & Członkowska, A. (2019). Neurologic impairment in Wilson disease. Annals of Translational Medicine, 7(Suppl 2), S64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dusek, P., Smolinski, L., Redzia-Ogrodnik, B., Golebiowski, M., Skowronska, M., Poujois, A., et al. (2020). Semiquantitative scale for assessing brain MRI abnormalities in Wilson disease: A validation study. Movement Disorders, 35(6), 994–1001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feldman, H. M., Yeatman, J. D., Lee, E. S., Barde, L. H., & Gaman-Bean, S. (2010). Diffusion tensor imaging: A review for pediatric researchers and clinicians. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, 31(4), 346–356.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forbes, J. R., & Cox, D. W. (2000). Copper-dependent trafficking of Wilson disease mutant ATP7B proteins. Human Molecular Genetics, 9(13), 1927–1935.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

García-García, R., Cruz-Gómez, Á. J., Mangas-Losada, A., Urios, A., Forn, C., Escudero-García, D., et al. (2017). Reduced resting state connectivity and gray matter volume correlate with cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. PLoS ONE, 12(10), e0186463.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghazi Sherbaf, F., Aarabi, M. H., Hosein Yazdi, M., & Haghshomar, M. (2019). White matter microstructure in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 40(3), 1017–1036.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hegde, A. N., Mohan, S., Lath, N., & Lim, C. C. (2011). Differential diagnosis for bilateral abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Radiographics, 31(1), 5–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hermann, W. (2014). Morphological and functional imaging in neurological and non-neurological Wilson’s patients. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1315, 24–29.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu, S., Xu, C., Dong, T., Wu, H., Wang, Y., Wang, A., et al. (2021). Structural and functional changes are related to cognitive status in Wilson’s disease. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 610947.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jacobs, D. A., Markowitz, C. E., Liebeskind, D. S., & Galetta, S. L. (2003). The “double panda sign” in Wilson’s disease. Neurology, 61(7), 969.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jadav, R., Saini, J., Sinha, S., Bagepally, B., Rao, S., & Taly, A. B. (2013). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and its clinical correlates in drug naïve Wilson’s disease. Metabolic Brain Disease, 28(3), 455–462.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeurissen, B., Leemans, A., Tournier, J. D., Jones, D. K., & Sijbers, J. (2013). Investigating the prevalence of complex fiber configurations in white matter tissue with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Human Brain Mapping, 34(11), 2747–2766.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim, T. J., Kim, I. O., Kim, W. S., Cheon, J. E., Moon, S. G., Kwon, J. W., et al. (2006). MR imaging of the brain in Wilson disease of childhood: Findings before and after treatment with clinical correlation. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology, 27(6), 1373–1378.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

King, A. D., Walshe, J. M., Kendall, B. E., Chinn, R. J., Paley, M. N., Wilkinson, I. D., et al. (1996). Cranial MR imaging in Wilson’s disease. AJR American Journal of Roentgenology, 167(6), 1579–1584.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lawrence, A., Saini, J., Sinha, S., Rao, S., Naggappa, M., Bindu, P. S., et al. (2016). Improvement of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) parameters with decoppering treatment in Wilson’s disease. JIMD Reports, 25, 31–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Letelier, M. E., Lepe, A. M., Faúndez, M., Salazar, J., Marín, R., Aracena, P., et al. (2005). Possible mechanisms underlying copper-induced damage in biological membranes leading to cellular toxicity. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 151(2), 71–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li, G., Zhou, X., Xu, P., Pan, X., & Chen, Y. (2014). Microstructure assessment of the thalamus in Wilson’s disease using diffusion tensor imaging. Clinical Radiology, 69(3), 294–298.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Litwin, T., Gromadzka, G., & Członkowska, A. (2012). Gender differences in Wilson’s disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 312(1–2), 31–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lorincz, M. T. (2010). Neurologic Wilson’s disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1184, 173–187.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Momtazmanesh, S., Aarabi, M. H., SanjariMoghaddam, H., Delavari, F., Shafie, M., Abbasi-Feijani, F., et al. (2021). Brain microstructural abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology: the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology., 52, 96–135.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mosher, V., Swain, M., Pang, J., Kaplan, G., Sharkey, K., MacQueen, G., et al. (2019). Primary biliary cholangitis patients exhibit MRI changes in structure and function of interoceptive brain regions. PLoS ONE, 14(2), e0211906.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Partridge, S. C., Mukherjee, P., Henry, R. G., Miller, S. P., Berman, J. I., Jin, H., et al. (2004). Diffusion tensor imaging: Serial quantitation of white matter tract maturity in premature newborns. NeuroImage, 22(3), 1302–1314.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parvez, S., Fatima, G., Al-Awaida, W., Hussien, Y. A., Tamam, S. A., & Hadi, N. R. (2021). Vitamin D: Implications in COVID-19. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 40(Special Issue), 23–6.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Pierpaoli, C., & Basser, P. J. (1996). Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion anisotropy. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 36(6), 893–906.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

PRISMA 2020 checklist, last accessed: 2 Oct 2022, available online at: https://www.prisma-statement.org/

Reddy, P. V., Rao, K. V., & Norenberg, M. D. (2008). The mitochondrial permeability transition, and oxidative and nitrosative stress in the mechanism of copper toxicity in cultured neurons and astrocytes. Laboratory Investigation: a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology., 88(8), 816–30.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rędzia-Ogrodnik, B., Członkowska, A., Bembenek, J., Antos, A., Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, I., Skowrońska, M., et al. (2022). Brain magnetic resonance imaging and severity of neurological disease in Wilson’s disease - the neuroradiological correlations. Neurological Sciences, 43(7), 4405–4412.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanjari Moghaddam, H., Ghazi Sherbaf, F., & Aarabi, M. H. (2019). Brain microstructural abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 55, 100782.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scheiber, I. F., Brůha, R., & Dušek, P. (2017). Pathogenesis of Wilson disease. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 142, 43–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sener, R. N. (2003). Diffusion MRI findings in Wilson’s disease. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics : The Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society, 27(1), 17–21.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shribman, S., Heller, C., Burrows, M., Heslegrave, A., Swift, I., Foiani, M. S., et al. (2021). Plasma neurofilament light as a biomarker of neurological involvement in Wilson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 36(2), 503–508.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shribman, S., Burrows, M., Convery, R., Bocchetta, M., Sudre, C. H., Acosta-Cabronero, J., et al. (2022). Neuroimaging correlates of cognitive deficits in Wilson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 37(8), 1728–1738.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central