Management of Mastalgia

1 Symptoms, assessment, and guidelines for referral.

ABC Breast Dis. : 1

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Non-cyclical mastalgia: an improved classification and treatment.

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Evaluation and management of breast pain..

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Evidence for the management of mastalgia.

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Mastalgia.

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Perioperative Breast Analgesia: A Qualitative Review of Anatomy and Regional Techniques.

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Utility of targeted sonography in the evaluation of focal breast pain.

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Ultrasound breast imaging-the method of choice for examining the young patient.

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The effect of imaging on the clinical management of breast pain.

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Can breast ultrasound reduce patient’s level of anxiety and pain?.

Ultrasound. 25: 92-97Hafiz S.P. Barnes N.L. Kirwan C.C.

Clinical management of idiopathic mastalgia: a systematic review.

J Prim Health Care. 10: 312-323Brown N. White J. Brasher A. et al.

The experience of breast pain (mastalgia) in female runners of the 2012 London Marathon and its effect on exercise behaviour.

Br J Sports Med. 48: 320-325Robb G.L. Hortobagyi G.N. Advanced therapy of breast disease. PMPH-USA, Brown N. White J. Brasher A. et al.

An investigation into breast support and sports bra use in female runners of the 2012 London Marathon.

J Sports Sci. 32: 801-809Burnett E. White J. Scurr J.

The Influence of the breast on physical activity participation in females.

J Phys Activity Health. 12Brown N. Burnett E. Scurr J.

Is breast pain greater in active females compared to the general population in the UK?.

Breast J. 22: 194-201

Therapeutic value of a supporting brassiere in mastodynia.

Br Med J. 2: 90

Sports brassiere: is it a solution for mastalgia?.

Breast J. 6: 407-409

Evaluation of professional bra fitting criteria for bra selection and fitting in the UK.

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Lateral extra mammary pain syndrome.

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Scapulothoracic bursitis as a significant cause of breast and chest wall pain: underrecognized and undertreated.

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Natural history of breast pain.

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A systematic review of current understanding and management of mastalgia.

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The long-term course of mastalgia.

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Serum prolactin concentrations in benign breast disease throughout the menstrual cycle.

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Mastalgia and total body water.

Br Med J. 4: 498-500Kumar S. Mansel R. Scanlon M. et al.

Altered responses of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secretion to thyrotrophin releasing hormone/gonadotrophin releasing hormone stimulation in cyclical mastalgia.

Br J Surg. 71: 870-873Brennan M. Bulbrook R. Deshpande N. et al.

Urinary and plasma androgens in benign breast disease: Possible relation to breast cancer.

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Twenty-four-hour preoperative endocrine profiles in women with benign and malignant breast disease.

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Serum prolactin and oestradiol levels in women with cyclical mastalgia.

Horm Metab Res. 13: 700-702Walsh P.V. McDicken I.W. Bulbrook R.D. et al.

Serum oestradiol-17β and prolactin concentrations during the luteal phase in women with benign breast disease.

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Hormones and the pathophysiology of fibrocystic mastopathy: elevated luteinizing hormone levels.

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Daily salivary progesterone levels in cyclical mastalgia patients and their controls.

Br J Surg. 73: 260-263Sitruk-Ware R. Sterkers N. Mauvais-Jarvis P.

Benign breast disease I: hormonal investigation.

Obstet Gynecol. 53: 457-460

The “luteal breast”: hormonal and sonographic investigation of benign breast disease in patients with cyclic mastalgia.

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Serum progesterone concentration during the luteal phase in women with benign breast disease.

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Sex hormones in breast disease.

J Br Surg. 62: 806-809Peters F. Pickardt C. Zimmermann G. et al.

PRL, TSH, and thyroid hormones in benign breast diseases.

Klinische Wochenschrift. 59: 403-407Rea N. Bove F. Gentile A. et al.

Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone as a guideline for cyclical mastalgia treatment.

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Dietary factors in benign breast disease.

Cancer Bull. 40: 44

Epinephrine-and prostaglandin-sensitive adenyl cyclase in mammary gland.

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Nonendocrine theories of the etiology of benign breast disease.

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Response of fibrocystic disease to caffeine withdrawal and correlation of cyclic nucleotides with breast disease.

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Clinical and biochemical studies on methylxanthine-related fibrocystic breast disease.

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Effects of caffeine-free diet on benign breast disease: a randomized trial.

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The effect of decreased caffeine consumption on benign proliferative breast disease: a randomized clinical trial.

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Methylxanthine, alcohol-free diet and fibrocystic breast disease: a factorial clinical trial.

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A double-blind randomized controlled trial of isoflavones in the treatment of cyclical mastalgia.

The Breast. 11: 170-174

What effect, if any, does soy protein have on breast tissue?.

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A randomized double blind-cross over trial of soya protein for the treatment of cyclical breast pain.

Breast. 9: 271-276Goodwin P.J. Miller A. Del Giudice M.E. et al.

Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dietary fat intake in women with cyclic mastopathy.

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 179: 430-437Boyd N. Shannon P. Kriukov V. et al.

Effect of a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet on symptoms of cyclical mastopathy.

Lancet. 332: 128-132

The effects of gamma-linolenic acid on breast pain and diabetic neuropathy: possible non-eicosanoid mechanisms.

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Effect of a low-fat diet on hormone levels in women with cystic breast disease. I. Serum steroids and gonadotropins.

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Cyclical mastalgia--is it a manifestation of aberration in lipid metabolism?.

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on behalf of the Efamast Study Group. A Randomized multicenter study of gamolenic acid (Efamast) with and without antioxidant vitamins and minerals in the management of mastalgia.

Breast J. 11: 41-47Ernster V. Goodson 3rd, W. Hunt T. et al.

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Vitamin E and benign breast disease.

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The effect of vitamin E on mammary dysplasia: a double-blind study.

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Vitamin B6 in the treatment of pre-menstrual mastalgia.

Br J Clin Pract. 40: 532-533McFayden I. Forrest A. Chetty U. et al.

Cyclical breast pain--some observations and the difficulties in treatment.

Br J Clin Pract. 46: 161-164

Mastalgia: a 3 year Australian study.

Aust New Zealand J Surg. 64: 329-331Pye J. Mansel R. Hughes L.

Clinical experience of drug treatments for mastalgia.

Lancet. 326: 373-377Band P.R. Deschamps M. Falardeau M. et al.

Treatment of benign breast disease with vitamin A.

Prev Med. 13: 549-554Brocq P. Stora C. Bernheim L.

De l’emploi de la vitamine A dans le traitement des mastoses.

Ann Endocrinol. 17: 193-200Ghent W. Eskin B. Low D. et al.

Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast.

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Etiology of mammary gland pathophysiology induced by iodine deficiency.

Front thyroidology. 2

The effect of supraphysiologic levels of iodine on patients with cyclic mastalgia.

Breast J. 10: 328-336Wang J. Zhang H. Allen R.D.

Overexpression of an Arabidopsis peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene in tobacco increases protection against oxidative stress.

Plant Cell Physiol. 40: 725-732Gong C. Song E. Jia W. et al.

A double-blind randomized controlled trial of toremifen therapy for mastalgia.

Arch Surg. 141: 43-47Preece P. Mansel R. Hughes L.

Mastalgia: psychoneurosis or organic disease?.

Br Med J. 1: 29-30Yilmaz E.D. Deveci E. Kadioglu H. et al.

Anxiety and depression levels and personality traits of mastalgia patients.

J Psychiatr. 17: 118Ramirez A.-J. Jarrett S.R. Hamed H. Smith P. Fentiman I.P. et al.

Psychosocial distress associated with severe mastalgia..

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Psychosocial adjustment of women with mastalgia.

Breast. 4: 48-51Groen J.-W. Grosfeld S. Bramer W.M. et al.

Cyclic and non-cyclic breast-pain: A systematic review on pain reduction, side effects, and quality of life for various treatments.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 219: 74-93Barros A.C.S. Mottola Jr., J. Ruiz C.A. et al.

Reassurance in the treatment of mastalgia.

Breast J. 5: 162-165Fox H. Walker L. Heys S. et al.

Are patients with mastalgia anxious, and does relaxation therapy help?.

Breast. 6: 138-142Ngô C. Seror J. Chabbert-Buffet N.

Breast pain: Recommendations.

J de gynecologie, obstetrique biologie de la Reprod. 44: 938-946

A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena.

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Efficacy of topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in mastalgia treatment.

J Am Coll Surgeons. 196: 525-530

Effectiveness of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of breast pain.

J R Coll Surgeons Edinb. 43: 158-159Kaviani A. Mehrdad N. Najafi M. et al.

Comparison of naproxen with placebo for the management of noncyclical breast pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

World J Surg. 32: 2464-2470Gateley C. Maddox P. Pritchard G. et al.

Plasma fatty acid profiles in benign breast disorders.

J Br Surg. 79: 407-409Gateley C. Miers M. Mansel R. et al.

Drug treatments for mastalgia: 17 years experience in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic.

J R Soc Med. 85: 12

A randomized multicenter study of gamolenic acid (Efamast) with and without antioxidant vitamins and minerals in the management of mastalgia.

Breast J. 11: 41-47Srivastava A. Mansel R. Arvind N. et al.

Evidence-based management of Mastalgia: a meta-analysis of randomised trials.

The Breast. 16: 503-512Blommers J. de Lange-de Klerk E.S. Kuik D.J. et al.

Evening primrose oil and fish oil for severe chronic astalgia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 187: 1389-1394Pruthi S. Wahner-Roedler D.L. Torkelson C.J. et al.

Vitamin E and evening primrose oil for management of cyclical mastalgia: a randomized pilot study.

Altern Med Rev. 15: 59Mirghafourvand M. Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S. Ahmadpour P. et al.

Effects of Vitex agnus and Flaxseed on cyclic mastalgia: A randomized controlled trial.

Complement therapies Med. 24: 90-95

Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study.

Bmj. 322: 134-137Halaska M. Beles P. Gorkow C. et al.

Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with a solution containing a Vitex agnus castus extract: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study.

Breast. 8: 175-181

Ginseng and mastalgia.

Br Med J. 1: 1621Nocerino E. Amato M. Izzo A.A.

The aphrodisiac and adaptogenic properties of ginseng.

Fitoterapia. 71: S1-S5

Short-term tamoxifen treatment in benign breast diseases.

Endocrinologie. 23: 169-177Fentiman I. Brame K. Caleffi M. et al.

Double-blind controlled trial of tamoxifen therapy for mastalgia.

Lancet. 327: 287-288Fentiman I. Caleffi M. Hamed H. et al.

Dosage and duration of tamoxifen treatment for mastalgia: a controlled trial.

Br J Surg. 75: 845-846Fentiman I. Caleffi M. Hamed H. et al.

Studies of tamoxifen in women with mastalgia.

Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 68: 34-53

Management of breast pain.

Int J Clin Pract. 54: 228-232

Tamoxifen therapy for cyclical mastalgia: dose randomized trial.

The Breast. 6: 212-213Fisher B. Dignam J. Bryant J. et al.

Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes and estrogen receptor-positive tumors.

JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst. 88: 1529-1542Millet A.V. Leal A. Dirbas F.M.

Clinical management of breast pain..

Breast Surgical Techniques and Interdisciplinary management. Springer, New York, NY: 147-153Oksa S. Luukkaala T. Mäenpää J.

Toremifene for premenstrual mastalgia: a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study.

BJOG: An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 113: 713-718Mansel R. Goyal A. Nestour E.L. et al.

A phase II trial of Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen gel) for cyclical mastalgia in premenopausal women.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 106: 389-397

Tamoxifen and benign breast problems.

Lancet. 330: 1070-1072Uzan S. Denis C. Pomi V. et al.

Double-blind trial of promegestone (R 5020) and lynestrenol in the treatment of benign breast disease.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 43: 219-227Colin C. Gaspard U. Lambotte R.

Relationship of mastodynia with its endocrine environment and treatment in a double blind trial with lynestrenol.

Archiv für Gynäkologie. 225: 7-13Maddox P.R. Harrison B. Horobin J. et al.

A randomised controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate in mastalgia.

Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 72: 71Greenblatt R.B. Dmowski W. Mahesh V. et al.

Clinical studies with an antigonadotropin-danazol.

Fertil Sterility. 22: 102-112Chambers C. Arsch R. Panerstein C.

Danazol binding and translocation of steroids receptors.

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 136: 426O'Brien P.S. Abukhalil I.

Randomized controlled trial of the management of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual mastalgia using luteal phase–only danazol.

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 180: 18-23

Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with low dose short term danazol.

Br J Clin Pract. 40: 68-70Asch R.H. Greenblatt R.B.

The use of an impeded androgen—danazol—in the management of benign breast disorders.

Am J Obstet Gynecol. 127: 130-134Mansel R. Wisbey J. Hughes L.

Controlled trial of the antigonadotropin danazol in painful nodular benign breast disease.

Lancet. 319: 928-930Snyder B.W. Beecham G.D. Winneker R.C.

Studies on the mechanism of action of danazol and gestrinone (R2323) in the rat: evidence for a masked estrogen component.

Fertil sterility. 51: 705-710Peters F. Brandl E. Tykal P. et al.

Multicentre study of gestrinone in cyclical breast pain FRIEDOLF PETERS.

Lancet. 339: 205-208Mansel R. Preece P. Hughes L.

A double blind trial of the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine in painful benign breast disease.

Br J Surg. 65: 724-727Hinton C. Bishop H. Holliday H. et al.

A double-blind controlled trial of danazol and bromocriptine in the management of severe cyclical breast pain.

Br J Clin Pract. 40: 326-330

Bromocriptine indications withdrawn.

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Cabergoline versus bromocriptine for symptomatic treatment of premenstrual mastalgia: a randomised, open-label study.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 150: 203-206

Magic for mastalgia with HT7.

Acupuncture Med. 33: 82Thicke L.A. Hazelton J.K. Bauer B.A. et al.

Acupuncture for treatment of noncyclic breast pain: a pilot study.

Am J Chin Med. 39: 1117-1129Gregory W. Mills S. Hamed H. et al.

Applied kinesiology for treatment of women with mastalgia.

Breast. 10: 15-19

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