Development of a rapid assay system for detecting antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection

Elsevier

Available online 1 November 2022, 114641

Journal of Virological MethodsHighlights•

ADE is one of the pathogenic mechanisms of the dengue disease severity.

It is critical to detect ADE activity rapidly in human specimens.

We established a rapid method to measure the ADE activity by using SRIP system.

Our present rapid assay can provide a result within a half day.

It may help to predict the risk of subsequent dengue virus infection.

Abstract

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is one of the pathogenic mechanisms related to disease severity in dengue virus infection. Conventional assays for detecting ADE activity usually require several days. In this study, we established a rapid assay system to evaluate ADE activity in dengue-seropositive samples using single round infectious particles (SRIPs). Human Fc-gamma receptor-bearing cells (K562 and Mylc cells) were infected with SRIP antigen in the presence of human serum samples to measure ADE activity. Two assay protocols were introduced: (i) rapid assay with 5 hours of incubation, and (ii) semi-rapid assay with 24 hours of incubation. The rapid assay requires a large quantity of SRIP antigen and gives results in half a day. Although the semi-rapid assay requires slightly more than a day, it can be performed using only a small amount of SRIP. Interestingly, the range of the number of Mylc cells required for the semi-rapid assay was wider than that of K562 cells. Significant correlations were observed between the rapid and semi-rapid assays for both cell types. Although it is difficult to judge which protocol best reflects the current immune status in vivo, both assays could rapidly provide valuable information regarding the risk assessment for severe diseases.

Keywords

Dengue virus

Antibody-dependent enhancement

Single round infectious particle

Serology

Rapid test

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

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