Differential Changes in Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Motor Performance: Pursuit Movement Task versus Force Matching Tracking Task

Force modulation relies on accurate proprioception, and force-matching tasks alter cortico-cerebellar connectivity. Cortico-cerebellar (N24) and cortico-motor pathways are impacted following acquisition of a motor tracing task (MTT), measured using both somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation. This study compared changes in early SEP peak amplitudes and motor performance following a force matching tracking task (FMTT) to an MTT. 30 (18 females) right-handed, participants aged 21.4 ± 2.76, were electrically stimulated over the right-median nerve at 2.47 Hz and 4.98Hz (Averaged 1000 sweeps/rate) to elicit SEPs, recorded via a 64-channel electroencephalography cap, pre and post task acquisition using the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Retention was measured 24 hours later. Significant time by group interactions occurred for the N20 SEP: 6.3% decrease post FMTT vs 5.5% increase post MTT (p = 0.013). P25 SEP: 4.0 % decrease post FMTT vs 10.3% increase post MTT (p = 0.006). N18 SEP 113.4 % increase post FMTT vs 4.4 % decrease post MTT (p = 0.006). N18 and N30 showed significant effect of time (both p < 0.001). Motor Performance: Significant time by group interactions - post-acquisition: FMTT improved 15.3% vs 24.3% for MTT (p = 0.025), retention: FMTT improved 17.4 % and MTT by 30.1% (p= 0.004). Task-dependent differences occurred in SEP peaks associated with cortical somatosensory processing (N20 and P25), and cerebellar input (N18), with similar changes in sensorimotor integration (N30), with differential improvements in motor performance, indicating neurophysiological differences in cerebellar and sensory processing for tasks reliant on proprioception.

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