The goal of this Mini Review is to highlight the recent research published in the Call for Papers collection: New Developments in Translational Microcirculatory Research. Microvascular disease plays a critical role in systemic end-organ dysfunction, therefore, it's important to provide context to the articles published in AJP-Heart and Circ by citing relevant research in the respective area. These fields of research include, but are not limited to, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular aging, and endothelial dysfunction, but also covering cerebrovascular, coronary, and peripheral-specific regions of the microcirculation. In addition to these disease- and location-dependent original research articles, this Call for Papers includes state-of-the-art reviews on both coronary endothelial function and assessing microvascular health in different organ systems, as well as establishing rigor and new advances in clinical trial design. To balance potential damage or contribution of the microcirculation to the aforementioned diseases with effective and efficient vascular-specific treatment, novel strategies are sorely needed. Therefore, promising research opportunities in microcirculatory disease and function related to pharmacotherapy, cellular, exosomal, exercise, and dietary interventional therapies are included and discussed to offer the groundwork for the next phase of translational microcirculatory research.