1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.

2 Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

3 O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

4 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

5 Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

6 School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

7 School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

*See also p. 1668.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).

Supported, in part, by the Canadian Frailty Network (grant number KT2017-15-Grant) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number RN381460-420324). They did not take part in the collection or analysis of data or in the assessment of outcomes.

Dr. Stelfox’s institution received funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; he received funding from Workers’ Compensation Board, Alberta; he disclosed that this work was conducted in partnership with Alberta Health Services. Ms. Brundin-Mather received Research Associate salary support from grants supporting this work. Dr. Bagshaw received funding from Baxter and BioPorto; he reports grants, consulting fees, and honoraria from Baxter, outside the submitted work; he participates on the data safety monitoring board of An Adaptive Platform Trial for Critically Ill Patients (I-SPY COVID) trial and the advisory board of BioPorto. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

This work was performed at University of Calgary.

For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]