1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

2 Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Nashville, TN.

3 VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN.

4 Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.

5 Vanderbilt Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

6 Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

7 Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

8 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

9 Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

10 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.

11 Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.

*See also p. 1681.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).

Drs. Mart and Brummel had full access to all study data, take responsibility for the integrity of the data, and the accuracy of the data analysis. Drs. Mart, Ely, Pandharipande, and Brummel contributed to design and conduct of the study. All authors contributed to data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data. Drs. Thompson, Birdrow, and Raman contributed to statistical analysis. Drs. Mart and Brummel contributed to Drafting of the article. All authors contributed to critical revision of the article for important intellectual content and final approval of the article. Drs. Ely, Pandharipande, and Brummel contributed to obtaining funding.

Supported, in part, by Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and VA-Merit, the National Institutes of Health under awards (K76AG054864, T32HL08773814, R01AG027472, R01AG035117, R01HL111111, R01GM120484, and R01AG058639). This material is based upon work supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of VA Office of Academic Affiliations, VA National Quality Scholars Program, and with resources and use of facilities at VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville, Tennessee.

Dr. Mart’s institution received funding from the National Institute on Aging (R01AG027472 and R01AG035117), Veterans Affairs (VA) Merit Award, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL08773814). Drs. Mart, Ely, Pandharipande, Patel, Roberson, and Brummel received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Drs. Patel’s, Roberson’s, and Brummel’s institutions received funding from the NIH. Dr. Patel’s institution received funding from the Department of Defense; he received funding from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Board of Directors, the NIH Center for Scientific Review Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Trauma study section, Haemonetics Research Device Support, and Liberate Medical Scientific Advisory Board. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Institutes of Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, or The Ohio State University.

This work was performed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Saint Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT; and Seattle Division of the VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA.

For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]