Objective This study was conducted to investigate the association between genetic variants in histone modification regions and clinical outcomes of PEM chemotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Potentially functional SNPs were selected using integrated analysis of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. The associations of 279 SNPs with chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in 314 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent PEM chemotherapy. Results Among the SNPs investigated, 18 were significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, while 28 with OS. Of these SNPs, rs549794A>G in an enhancer which is expected to regulate the expression of ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) gene was significantly associated with both worse response to chemotherapy and worse OS (adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.36-0.97, P = 0.04; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.09-1.91, P = 0.01, respectively). Previous studies suggested that RPS3, a multi-functional protein with various extraribosomal activities, may play a role in chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, it is postulated that rs549794-induced change in the expression level of RPS3 may affect the response to PEM chemotherapy and consequently the survival outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion This study suggests that genetic variants in the histone modification regions may be useful for the prediction of clinical outcomes of PEM chemotherapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel