From the aDepartment of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

bInstitute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Submitted July 27, 2021; accepted June 20, 2022.

All authors came up the original idea. A.-S.T. wrote the first version of article. S.-H.L. and L.-H.L. edited the article. S.-H.L. provided suggestions to refine the model and example data. A.-S.T. and L.-H.L. conducted data analysis. A.-S.T. revised the article and responded to reviewers’ comments.

This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (No. 109-2636-B-009 -001).

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. The R code used in this article is available for download (https://github.com/AshTai/FMI).Our study is conducting a secondary analysis for a cohort dataset provided by Tsung Yu (Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan) and Milo A. Puhan (Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland) in which all personal information has been de-identified. No ethical approval is required.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com).

Correspondence: Sheng-Hsuan Lin, Institute of Statistics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan. E-mail: [email protected].