‘Liking’ and ‘wanting’ are two components of food reward that are separable neurobiologically and psychologically, especially in animal models. Here, we examine recent advancements in the neurobiology of ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ in humans and animal models. Further, we identify several food properties that influence ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ and explore whether they separably predict clinical outcomes related to obesity, weight gain and weight loss. We conclude by discussing key aspects of translational methodologies needed to more thoroughly describe the neurobiology of ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ and their potential effects on short-term eating behaviours and long-term energy balance.

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