We have previously reported social isolation induces anxiety-like behavior, cognition decline, and reduction in brain ATP levels in mice. These changes were ameliorated by treatment with dihydromyricetin (DHM), a compound that positively modulates γ-aminobutyric A (GABAA) receptor. To gain further insight into the subcellular mechanisms underlying these changes, we utilized a social isolation-induced anxiety mouse model and investigated changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity via the electron transport chain. We found that 4 weeks of social isolation decreased ATP levels by 43% and succinate dehydrogenase capacity by 52% of the control, while daily DHM (2 mg/kg oral) administration restored succinate dehydrogenase capacity. These results suggest that social isolation decreased mitochondrial capacity to generate ATP. DHM can be developed to be a therapeutic against anxiety and mitochondrial stress.