Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Reprints: Gerard P. Slobogean, MD, MPH, Department of Orthopaedics, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 (e-mail: [email protected]).

N. N. O'Hara reported receiving stock or stock options from Arbutus Medical, Inc. unrelated to this research. G. P. Slobogean reported receiving research funding from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, the US Department of Defense, and the National Institutes of Health unrelated to this research; serving as a paid consultant with Smith & Nephew and Zimmer Biomet unrelated to this research; and receiving personal fees from Nuvasive Orthopedics unrelated to this research. M. F. Sciadini reported serving as a paid consultant for Globus Medical and Stryker, receiving stock or stock options from Stryker, and receiving royalties from Globus Medical, all unrelated to this research. R. V. O'Toole reported serving as a paid consultant for Lincotek and Smith & Nephew, receiving stock options from Imagen, and receiving royalties from Lincotek, all unrelated to this research. The remaining authors report no conflict of interest. This study did not receive external funding.

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