Goat meat, as a superior product including low lipids, low cholesterol contents and high-quality proteins, becomes the superior food for the national market. With the increasing demand for goat meat, the production, sensory quality and physicochemical properties of goat meat are also widely observed. Following significant discoveries on the mechanism determining goat meat quality, further research on complex and interactive factors leading to changes of goat meat quality is increasingly based on data-driven “omics” methods, such as lipidomics, which can rapidly identify and quantify >1000 lipid species at same time facilitating comprehensive analyses of lipids in tissues. Molecular mechanism and biomarkers indicating the changes of goat meat quality, authentication, meat analogue, nutrition and health by lipidomics are feasible. According to the analysis results of the classes and of different biomarkers lipids of goat meat quality, the main processes involved the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, associations with lipids and proteins, lipid oxidation, lipid hydrolysis, lipid degradation, lipid deposition and lipid denaturation, which have been translated into advanced technologies for identifying the goat meat adulteration and faux meat rapidly and accurately.

In this review, the research of lipidomics technology, past applications, recent findings and common on the recent advances of lipidomics in the quality assessment of mutton products by lipidomics with MS approaches have been summarized. The information reported in review can serve as a reference to characterize the lipids found in mutton, clarify the application of lipidomics to the field of mutton products and provide new perspectives in producing superior quality mutton products.