aDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco

bParker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA

Correspondence to Hideho Okada, MD, PhD, Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building HD 472 (UCSF Box 0520), 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Tel: +1 415 476 1637; e-mail: [email protected]