Algorithms for the management of frontal sinus fractures: A retrospective study

Frontal sinus fractures are relatively uncommon cause of facial fractures with the overall incidence between 10% and 15% (Gerbino et al., 2000). As frontal sinus fractures are usually associated with high-velocity impact, concomitant injuries such as maxillofacial fractures, cervical fractures, extremity fractures, intracranial injuries, and ophthalmic injuries are not uncommon. Among various possible etiologic factors, the most common etiology for frontal sinus fractures is motor vehicle accidents. Subsequent common causes include assault, falling, sports injuries, occupational injuries, and gunshot wounds (Erdmann et al., 2008).

Surgical treatment strategies depend on the involvement and severity of the displacement of the anterior and posterior walls of the frontal sinus. In the majority of cases both the anterior and posterior tables are involved. The isolated anterior table fractures are seen among the rest whereas isolated posterior wall fractures are extremely rare (Strong et al., 2006). The primary goals of treatment are to restore the craniofacial anatomy and prevent contour deformities while maintaining a barrier between the neurocranium and sinonasal structures in addition to preventing both early and late complications especially the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Vyas et al., 2008).

Although there is no widely accepted algorithm for the management of frontal sinus fractures, the validity of previously accepted indications for surgical intervention is being questioned more and more every day (Choi et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Dalla Torre et al., 2014; Fox et al., 2014). There is an increasing tendency for conservative treatment of frontal sinus fractures instead of performing radical cranial procedures. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results and to review the validity of current treatment algorithm used in management of frontal sinus fractures.

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