Data, information, knowledge, wisdom and understanding

Elsevier

Available online 4 October 2022

Anaesthesia & Intensive Care MedicineAbstract

The digital age commenced in the mid-20th century and since we have seen approximately exponential growth in information. This period has also seen the rapid growth of computer technology that has facilitated, for instance, the derivation of whole genomes and automated drug discovery. Data, information, knowledge and wisdom lay the foundations for understanding how experience is formed from evidence and observations. When data are put into context, the resultant information can drive growth and further contribute to increased knowledge. Appreciating the source of data enables us to recognize and hopefully correct for inherent error and bias. Ultimately knowledge discovery can be automated to gain information from data and so on, enhancing our understanding of a given subject and expanding collective wisdom.

Keywords

Cognitive bias

competence

data

DIKW hierarchy

information

knowledge

metacognition

understanding

wisdom

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© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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