Turner D, Ricciuto A, Lewis A, et al. STRIDE-II: an update on the selecting therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease (STRIDE) initiative of the international organization for the study of IBD (IOIBD): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target strategies in IBD. Gastroenterology. 2021;160:1570–83.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Narang V, Kaur R, Garg B, et al. Association of endoscopic and histological remission with clinical course in patients of ulcerative colitis. Intest Res. 2018;16:55–61.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cushing KC, Tan W, Alpers DH, et al. Complete histologic normalisation is associated with reduced risk of relapse among patients with ulcerative colitis in complete endoscopic remission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51:347–55.

Article  Google Scholar 

Geboes K, Riddell R, Ost A, Jensfelt B, et al. A reproducible grading scale for histological assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2000;47:404–9.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Riley SA, Mani V, Goodman MJ, et al. Microscopic activity in ulcerative colitis: what does it mean? Gut. 1991;32:174–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Marchal-Bressenot A, Salleron J, Boulagnon-Rombi C, et al. Development and validation of the nancy histological index for UC. Gut. 2017;66:43–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mosli MH, Feagan BG, Zou G, et al. Development and validation of a histological index for UC. Gut. 2017;66:50–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ozaki R, Kobayashi T, Okabayashi S, et al. Histological risk factors to predict clinical relapse in ulcerative colitis with endoscopically normal mucosa. J Crohns Colitis. 2018;12:1288–94.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mosli MH, Feagan BG, Zou G, et al. Reproducibility of histological assessments of disease activity in UC. Gut. 2015;64:1765–73.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gupta A, Yu A, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. Treat to target: the role of histologic healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:1800–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lin TY, Dollär P, Girshick T, et al. Feature pyramid networks for object detection. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2017 (pp 2117–2125)

Yakubovskiy P, Segmentation models pytorch. 2020. https://github.com/qubvel/segmentation_models.pytorch. Accessed 3 March 2021.

Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–74.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Noffsinger AE. Fenoglio-preiser’s gastrointestinal pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017. p. 725.

Google Scholar 

Shepherd NA, Warren BF, Williams GT, et al. Morson and dawson’s gastrointestinal pathology. 5th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. p. 577.

Google Scholar 

Strugala V, Dettmar PW, Pearson JP, et al. Thickness and continuity of the adherent colonic mucus barrier in active and quiescent ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease. Int J Clin Pract. 2008;62:762–9.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

van der Post S, Jabbar KS, Birchenough G, et al. Structural weakening of the colonic mucus barrier is an early event in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Gut. 2019;68:2142–51.

Article  Google Scholar 

Johansson ME, Gustafsson JK, Holmen-Larsson J, et al. Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2014;63:281–91.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Gersemann M, Becker S, Kübler I, et al. Differences in goblet cell differentiation between crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Differentiation. 2009;77:84–94.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Bressenot A, Salleron J, Bastien C, et al. Comparing histological activity indexes in UC. Gut. 2015;64:1412–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jauregui-Amezaga A, López-Cerón M, Aceituno M, et al. Accuracy of advanced endoscopy and fecal calprotectin for prediction of relapse in ulcerative colitis: a prospective study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:1187–93.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yoon H, Jangi S, Dulai PS, et al. Incremental benefit of achieving endoscopic and histologic remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:1262-1275.e7.

Article  Google Scholar