Dellapasqua S, Castiglione-Gertsch M (2005) The choice of systemic adjuvant therapy in receptor-positive early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 41(3):357–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2004.11.017

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smith IE, Dowsett M (2003) Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 348(24):2431–2442. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra023246

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative G (2005) Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 365(9472):1687–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66544-0

Article  Google Scholar 

Mouridsen H, Giobbie-Hurder A, Goldhirsch A, Thürlimann B, Paridaens R, Smith I et al (2009) Letrozole therapy alone or in sequence with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med 361(8):766–776. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0810818

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forbes JF, Cuzick J, Buzdar A, Howell A, Tobias JS, Baum M (2008) Effect of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol 9(1):45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70385-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van de Velde CJ, Rea D, Seynaeve C, Putter H, Hasenburg A, Vannetzel JM et al (2011) Adjuvant tamoxifen and exemestane in early breast cancer (TEAM): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 377(9762):321–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62312-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buzdar A, Howell A, Cuzick J, Wale C, Distler W, Hoctin-Boes G et al (2006) Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol 7(8):633–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70767-7

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grey AB, Stapleton JP, Evans MC, Reid IR (1995) The effect of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in normal postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(11):3191–3195. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.80.11.7593425

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cuppone F, Bria E, Verma S, Pritchard KI, Gandhi S, Carlini P et al (2008) Do adjuvant aromatase inhibitors increase the cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer? Meta-analysis of randomized trials. Cancer 112(2):260–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23171

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldvaser H, Barnes TA, Šeruga B, Cescon DW, Ocaña A, Ribnikar D et al (2017) Toxicity of extended adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors in early breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JNCI: J National Cancer Inst 110(1):31–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djx141

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Amir E, Seruga B, Carlsson L, Niraula S, Ocaña A (2011) Toxicity of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JNCI: J National Cancer Inst 103(17):1299–309. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr242

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Aydiner A (2013) Meta-analysis of breast cancer outcome and toxicity in adjuvant trials of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women. Breast 22(2):121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2013.01.014

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Younus M, Kissner M, Reich L, Wallis N (2011) Putting the cardiovascular safety of aromatase inhibitors in patients with early breast cancer into perspective: a systematic review of the literature. Drug Saf 34(12):1125–1149. https://doi.org/10.2165/11594170-000000000-00000

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao X, Liu L, Li K, Li W, Zhao L, Zou H (2015) Comparative study on individual aromatase inhibitors on cardiovascular safety profile: a network meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 8:2721–2730. https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.S88179

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matthews A, Stanway S, Farmer RE, Strongman H, Thomas S, Lyon AR et al (2018) Long term adjuvant endocrine therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in female breast cancer survivors: systematic review. BMJ 363:k3845. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3845

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khosrow-Khavar F, Filion KB, Al-Qurashi S, Torabi N, Bouganim N, Suissa S et al (2017) Cardiotoxicity of aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol 28(3):487–496. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw673

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Polak JF, Szklo M, Kronmal RA, Burke GL, Shea S, Zavodni AE et al (2013) The value of carotid artery plaque and intima-media thickness for incident cardiovascular disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2(2):e000087. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.113.000087

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Vos LC, Mulder DJ, Smit AJ, Dullaart RP, Kleefstra N, Lijfering WM et al (2014) Skin autofluorescence is associated with 5-year mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34(4):933–938. https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.113.302731

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH (1999) The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 340(23):1801–1811. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199906103402306

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boekel NB, Jacobse JN, Schaapveld M, Hooning MJ, Gietema JA, Duane FK et al (2018) Cardiovascular disease incidence after internal mammary chain irradiation and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 119(4):408–418. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-018-0159-x

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jacobse JN, Steggink LC, Sonke GS, Schaapveld M, Hummel YM, Steenbruggen TG et al (2020) Myocardial dysfunction in long-term breast cancer survivors treated at ages 40–50 years. Eur J Heart Fail 22(2):338–346. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1610

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dackus G, Jóźwiak K, Sonke GS, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Hauptmann M et al (2018) Optimal adjuvant endocrine treatment of ER+/HER2+ breast cancer patients by age at diagnosis: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 90:92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2017.11.010

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

den Dekker MA, Zwiers M, van den Heuvel ER, de Vos LC, Smit AJ, Zeebregts CJ et al (2013) Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive marker for AGE accumulation, is associated with the degree of atherosclerosis. PLoS One 8(12):e83084. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083084

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Rubio IT et al (2019) Early breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol 30(8):1194–220. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz173

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blondeaux E, Musio D, Bruzzi P, Lambertini M, Gazzola V, Poggio F et al (2016) Treatment with aromatase inhibitors and markers of cardiovascular disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 160(2):261–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3985-7

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallicchio L, Calhoun C, Helzlsouer K (2016) Effect of aromatase inhibitor therapy on the cardiovascular health of black and white breast cancer patients. Clin Breast Cancer 16(3):e23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2016.02.011

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seo DH, Cho Y, Lee S, Park S, Kim SI, Park BW et al (2019) Aromatase inhibitor use is a risk factor of carotid plaque presence in endocrine-responsive breast cancer patients. Korean J Intern Med 34(3):579–587. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.205

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blaes A, Beckwith H, Florea N, Hebbel R, Solovey A, Potter D et al (2017) Vascular function in breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitors: a pilot study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 166(2):541–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4447-6

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maor R, Sara JDS, Wanous AA, Maor E, Pruthi S, Lerman A et al (2018) Attenuated peripheral endothelial function among women treated with aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer. Coron Artery Dis 29(8):687–693. https://doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000666

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Markopoulos C, Dafni U, Misitzis J, Zobolas V, Tzoracoleftherakis E, Koukouras D et al (2009) Extended adjuvant hormonal therapy with exemestane has no detrimental effect on the lipid profile of postmenopausal breast cancer patients: final results of the ATENA lipid substudy. Breast Cancer Res 11(3):R35. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2320

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hozumi Y, Suemasu K, Takei H, Aihara T, Takehara M, Saito T et al (2011) The effect of exemestane, anastrozole, and tamoxifen on lipid profiles in Japanese postmenopausal early breast cancer patients: final results of national surgical adjuvant study BC 04, the TEAM Japan sub-study. Ann Oncol 22(8):1777–1782. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq707

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atalay G, Dirix L, Biganzoli L, Beex L, Nooij M, Cameron D et al (2004) The effect of exemestane on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer: a companion study to EORTC Trial 10951, ‘randomized phase II study in first line hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer with exemestane or tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients.’ Ann Oncol 15(2):211–217. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdh064

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdel-Qadir H, Amir E, Fischer HD, Fu L, Austin PC, Harvey PJ et al (2016) The risk of myocardial infarction with aromatase inhibitors relative to tamoxifen in post-menopausal women with early stage breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 68:11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.08.022

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khosrow-Khavar F, Filion KB, Bouganim N, Suissa S, Azoulay L (2020) Aromatase inhibitors and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in women with breast cancer: a population-based cohort study. Circulation 141(7):549–559. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.044750

Article  PubMed