Mediterranean diet related metabolite profiles and cognitive performance in a Greek population

Abstract

Abstract Background: Evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) affects human metabolism and may contribute to better cognitive performance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Objective: We generated a metabolite profile for adherence to MedDiet and evaluated its cross-sectional association with aspects of cognitive performance. Methods: A total of 1,250 healthy Greek middle-aged adults from the Epirus Health Study cohort were included in the analysis. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); cognition was measured using the Trail Making Test, the Verbal Fluency test and the Logical Memory test. A targeted metabolite profiling (n = 250 metabolites) approach was applied, using a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance platform. We used elastic net regularized regressions, with a 10-fold cross-validation procedure, to identify a metabolite profile for MEDAS. We evaluated the associations of the identified metabolite profile and MEDAS with cognitive tests, using multivariable linear regression models. Results: We identified a metabolite profile composed of 42 metabolites, mainly lipoprotein subclasses and fatty acids, significantly correlated with MedDiet adherence (Pearson r = 0.35, P-value = 5.5 x 10-37). After adjusting for known risk factors and accounting for multiple testing, the metabolite profile and MEDAS were not associated with the cognitive tests. Conclusions: A plasma metabolite profile related to better adherence to the MedDiet was not associated with the tested aspects of cognitive performance, in a middle-aged Mediterranean population. Keywords: Mediterranean diet, metabolomics, cognition, executive function, memory

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

Funding This study was funded by the Hellenic Republic: Operational Programme Epirus 2014-2020 of the Prefecture of Epirus (HΠ1AB-0028180), and the Operational Programme "Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship & Innovation" (OΠΣ 5047228). Christopher Papandreou (CP1) is recipient of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III Miguel Servet grant (CP 19/00189).

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I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Ioannina, Greece

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Data Availability

Some of the data used in this manuscript may be available upon reasonable request to the authors given approval by the study's governing board.

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