Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan

Shintaro Sakaguchi, Ryuji Okamoto, Satoshi Fujita & Kaoru Dohi

Department of Cardiology, Matsusaka Municipal Hospital, Matsusaka, Japan

Shintaro Sakaguchi

Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan

Chisa Inoue & Yutaka Yano

Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan

Masaharu Akao

Department of Cardiology, Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan

Kohei Kamemura

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Isao Kurihara & Hiroshi Itoh

Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

Yoshiyu Takeda

Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Youichi Ohno & Nobuya Inagaki

Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Hiromi Rakugi & Koichi Yamamoto

Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

Takuyuki Katabami

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center and Endocrine Center, Kyoto, Japan

Mika Tsuiki & Mitsuhide Naruse

Division of Endocrinology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Akiyo Tanabe

Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan

Kouichi Tamura

Endocrine Center, Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan

Mitsuhide Naruse

Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Masanori Abe & Hiroki Kobayashi

Endovascular Treatment Group, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Japan

Yoshiro Chiba

Department of Cardiology, JR Hiroshima Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

Yuichi Fujii

Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Megumi Fujita

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

Michiaki Fukui

Department of Internal Medicine, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan

Tomikazu Fukuoka

Departments of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Hiromasa Goto

Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Tomonobu Hasegawa

Department of Internal Medicine III, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan

Shigeatsu Hashimoto

Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan

Tatsuya Haze

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

Takamasa Ichijo

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

Tamio Iwamoto

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan

Shoichiro Izawa

Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Tondabayashi Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan

Tatsuya Kai

Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Takahisa Kawaguchi & Fumihiko Matsuda

Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan

Takashi Kawamura

Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

Junji Kawashima

Department of Clinical Research Pathology Division, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate, Japan

Noriko Kimura

Department of Cardiology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan

Yuichi Matsuda

Department of Internal Medicine, Uwajima City Hospital, Uwajima, Japan

Shozo Miyauchi

Division of Pathology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan

Yoshihiro Nakamura

Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan

Koshiro Nishimoto

Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Osamu Ogawa & Toshinari Yamasaki

Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Yoshihiro Ogawa & Ryuichi Sakamoto

Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyusyu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan

Atsushi Ogo

Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan

Shintaro Okamura

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Tokai Central Hospital, Tokai, Japan

Ataru Okumura

Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

Michio Otsuki

Department of Clinical Research and Informatics, Research Institute, International Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

Takuro Shimbo

Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

Masakatsu Sone

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Toru Sugiyama

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan

Atsushi Suzuki

Department of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan

Tomoko Suzuki

Division of Metabolism, Showa General Hospital, Kodaira, Japan

Katsutoshi Takahashi

Department of Healthcare Economics and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Tomoyuki Takura

Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

Toshihiro Tanaka

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan

Norio Wada

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan

Minemori Watanabe

Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan

Tetsuhiro Watanabe

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan

Masanobu Yamada

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

Toshihiko Yanase

Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

Takashi Yoneda

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Misato Kenwa Hospital, Misato, Japan

Yuichiro Yoshikawa

Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

Takanobu Yoshimoto

RO and SS designed this study and carried out the analyses; RO, SS and MN drafted and revised the manuscript; and CI, MA, KK, IK, YT, YO, TK, MT, SF collected the data; NI, HR, AT, KT, YY, KD managed and advised for the study and the manuscript.