Available online 23 September 2022, 103310

The implementation of ventilator care bundles has remained suboptimal. However, it is unclear whether improving adherence has a positive relationship with patient outcomes.

To identify the most effective implementation strategies to improve adherence to ventilator bundles and to investigate the relationship between adherence to ventilator bundles and patient outcomes.

A systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search from the inception of ventilator care bundles 2001 to January 2021 of relevant databases, screening and data extraction according to Cochrane methodology.

In total, 6035 records were screened, and 24 studies met the eligibility criteria. The implementation strategies were provider-level interventions (n = 15), included educational activities, checklist, and audit/feedback. Organizational-level interventions include (n = 8) included change of medical record system and multidisciplinary team. System-level intervention (n = 1) had motivation and reward. The most common strategies were education, checklists, audit feedback, which are probably effective in improving adherence. We could not perform a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of the strategies and types of adherence measurement. Most studies (n = 7) had a high risk of bias. There were some conflicting results in determining the associations between adherence and patient outcomes because of the poor quality of the studies.

Multifaceted interventions are likely to be effective for consistent improvement in adherence. It remains uncertain whether improvements in adherence have positive outcomes on patients due to limited evidence of low to moderate uncertainty. We recommend the need for robust research methodology to assess the effectiveness of implementation strategies on improving adherence and patient outcomes.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator bundles

Implementation strategies

Infection prevention and control

Adherence

Implementation outcomes

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