City-, neighborhood- and individual-level education shape non-communicable diseases risks factors (NCD/RF) in Argentina.
•Most associations across levels vary by gender and NCD/RF.
•Educational gradients are stronger for individual- and neighborhood-level.
•Some of these associations interact with city education.
•Urban public strategies to tackle NCD/RF should be context and gender-sensitive.
AbstractWe examined associations of individual-, neighborhood- and city-level education -as proxies of SES at different levels-, with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking and binge drinking (non-communicable disease risk factors -NCD/RF) among Argentinian adults. We estimated mixed models based on 21,415 individuals from the 2013 National Survey of Risk Factors, living in 2,698 neighborhoods and 33 cities. Gradients by individual-level education differed by gender and NCD/RF, and some were modified by city education. In addition, we identified contextual effects of neighborhood and city education on some NCD/RF. Urban efforts to tackle NCD/RF in Argentina should be context- and gender-sensitive, and mainly focused on socially disadvantaged groups.
KeywordsSocial determinants
Non-communicable diseases
Urban
Mixed models
Argentina
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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