Impact of Reaction Setting on the Management, Severity, and Outcome of Pediatric Food-Induced Anaphylaxis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Prompt epinephrine autoinjector (EAI) use is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis. However, limited Canadian data exist on the impact of reaction location on EAI use for food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA).

Methods

We recruited children presenting with FIA from 11 Canadian emergency departments. Patient demographics and the setting, management, and symptoms of FIA were collected by standardized questionnaire. Factors associated with pre-hospital EAI use and reaction severity were determined by logistic regression.

Results

We recruited 3604 children; 60.2% were male and the median age was 5.0 years (interquartile range1.8, 11.0). Among cases with a known location of FIA (85.0%), home was the most common setting (68.1%), followed by school/daycare (12.8%), other locations (11.4%; e.g., park, car), and restaurants (7.4%). In the pre-hospital setting, EAI was administered in 36.7% of reactions at home, 66.7% in school/daycare, 40.2% in other locations, and 44.5% in restaurants. Relative to reactions occurring at school/daycare, pre-hospital EAI use was less likely at home (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.80, 95%Confidence Interval [95%CI]:0.76, 0.84), in restaurants (aOR=0.81, 95%CI:0.75, 0.87), and in other settings (aOR=0.77, 95%CI:0.73, 0.83), when data were adjusted for reaction severity, sex, age, comorbidities, and province. FIA setting was not associated with reaction severity or hospitalization.

Conclusion

Pre-hospital EAI use was higher at school/daycare versus other settings, potentially due to the presence of policies and training on FIA. Setting-specific interventions including educational programs and policies/laws mandating training and stocking an EAI may improve anaphylaxis recognition and treatment.

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