Squires RH Jr, Shneider BL, Bucuvalas J, Alonso E, Sokol RJ, Narkewicz MR, et al. Acute liver failure in children: the first 348 patients in the pediatric acute liver failure study group. J Pediatr. 2006;148:652–658

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee WS, McKiernan P, Kelly DA. Etiology, outcome and prognostic indicators of childhood fulminant hepatic failure in the United kingdom. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;40:575–581

Article  Google Scholar 

Latif N, Mehmood K. Risk factors for fulminant hepatic failure and their relation with outcome in children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60:175–178

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bravo LC, Gregorio GV, Shafi F, Bock HL, Boudville I, Liu Y, et al. Etiology, incidence and outcomes of acute hepatic failure in 0–18 year old Filipino children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2012;43:764–772

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaur S, Kumar P, Kumar V, Sarin SK, Kumar A. Etiology and prognostic factors of acute liver failure in children. Indian Pediatr. 2013;50:677–679

Article  Google Scholar 

Durand P, Debray D, Mandel R, Baujard C, Branchereau S, Gauthier F, et al. Acute liver failure in infancy: a 14-year experience of a pediatric liver transplantation center. J Pediatr. 2001;139:871–876

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Taylor SA, Whitington PF. Neonatal acute liver failure. Liver Transpl. 2016;22:677–685

Article  Google Scholar 

Kulkarni S, Perez C, Pichardo C, Castillo L, Gagnon M, Beck-Sague C, et al. Use of Pediatric Health Information System database to study the trends in the incidence, management, etiology, and outcomes due to pediatric acute liver failure in the United States from 2008 to 2013. Pediatr Transpl. 2015;19:888–895

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Squires RH Jr. Acute liver failure in children. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28:153–166

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

O’Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, Williams R. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:439–445

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Sundaram V, Shneider BL, Dhawan A, Ng VL, Im K, Belle S, et al. King’s college hospital criteria for non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure in an international cohort of children. J Pediatr. 2013;162:319–23.e1

Article  Google Scholar 

Lu BR, Zhang S, Narkewicz MR, Belle SH, Squires RH, Sokol RJ. Evaluation of the liver injury unit scoring system to predict survival in a multinational study of pediatric acute liver failure. J Pediatr. 2013;162:1010–1016

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee WS, Chai PF, Lim KS, Lim LH, Looi LM, Ramanujam TM. Outcome of biliary atresia in Malaysia: a single-centre study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(5):279–285

Article  Google Scholar 

Lu BR, Gralla J, Liu E, Dobyns EL, Narkewicz MR, Sokol RJ. Evaluation of a scoring system for assessing prognosis in pediatric acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:1140–1145

Article  Google Scholar 

Meyers LS, Gamst G, Guarino AJ. Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2017. p. 367–376

Google Scholar 

Kathemann S, Bechmann LP, Sowa JP, Manka P, Dechêne A, Gerner P, et al. Etiology, outcome and prognostic factors of childhood acute liver failure in a German single center. Ann Hepatol. 2015;14:722–728

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Rajanayagam J, Coman D, Cartwright D, Lewindon PJ. Pediatric acute liver failure: etiology, outcomes, and the role of serial pediatric end-stage liver disease scores. Pediatr Transpl. 2013;17:362–368

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Squires JE, Rudnick DA, Hardison RM, Horslen S, Ng VL, Alonso EM, et al. Liver transplant listing in pediatric acute liver failure: practices and participant characteristics. Hepatology. 2018;68:2338–2347

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Alam S, Khanna R, Sood V, Lal BB, Rawat D. Profile and outcome of first 109 cases of paediatric acute liver failure at a specialized paediatric liver unit in India. Liver Int. 2017;37:1508–1514

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Dhawan A. Etiology and prognosis of acute liver failure in children. Liver Transpl. 2008;14:S80–S84

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhao P, Wang CY, Liu WW, Wang X, Yu LM, Sun YR. Acute liver failure in Chinese children: a multicenter investigation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2014;13:276–280

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Chongsrisawat V, Hutagalung Y, Poovorawan Y. Liver function test results and outcomes in children with acute liver failure due to dengue infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2009;40:47–53

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lum L, Lam S, George R, Devi S. Fulminant hepatitis in dengue infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993;24:476–471

Google Scholar 

Tan S-S, Bujang MA. The clinical features and outcomes of acute liver failure associated with dengue infection in adults: a case series. Braz J Infect Dis. 2013;17:164–169

Article  Google Scholar 

Poovorawan Y, Hutagalung Y, Chongsrisawat V, Boudville I, Bock HL. Dengue virus infection: a major cause of acute hepatic failure in Thai children. Ann Trop Paediat. 2006;26:17–23

Article  Google Scholar 

Chien M-M, Chang M-H, Chang K-C, Lu F-T, Chiu Y-C, Chen H-L, et al. Prognostic parameters of pediatric acute liver failure and the role of plasma exchange. Pediatr Neonatol. 2019;60:389–395

Article  Google Scholar 

Dhawan A, Cheeseman P, Mieli-Vergani G. Approaches to acute liver failure in children. Pediatr Transplant. 2004;8:584–588

Article  Google Scholar 

Li R, Belle SH, Horslen S, Chen LW, Zhang S, Squires RH. Clinical course among cases of acute liver failure of indeterminate diagnosis. J Pediatr. 2016;171:163–170 (e1–3)

Article  Google Scholar