(2020) International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organisation. Cancer today. Cancer fact sheets. http://gco.iarc.fr/today. Accessed 27 Sept 2021

Alves A, Panis Y, Mathieu P, Mantion G, Kwiatkowski F, Slim K et al (2005) Postoperative mortality and morbidity in French patients undergoing colorectal surgery: results of a prospective multicenter study. Arch Surg 140(3):278–283. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.140.3.278

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Breugom AJ, van Dongen DT, Bastiaannet E, Dekker FW, van der Geest LG, Liefers GJ et al (2016) Association between the most frequent complications after surgery for stage I-III colon cancer and short-term survival, long-term survival, and recurrences. Ann Surg Oncol 23(9):2858–2865. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5226-z

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benoist S, Panis Y, Pannegeon V, Alves A, Valleur P (2001) Predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusions in rectal resection for cancer: a multivariate analysis of a group of 212 patients. Surgery 129(4):433–439. https://doi.org/10.1067/msy.2001.112068

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pang QY, An R, Liu HL (2019) Perioperative transfusion and the prognosis of colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 17(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-018-1551-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Etele EE, Sala D, Denes M, Cozlea A, Darie R, Torok A (2019) Elderly patients with colorectal cancer—a predisposed category for postoperative complications. Chirurgia (Bucur) 114(3):331–342. https://doi.org/10.21614/chirurgia.114.3.331

Article  Google Scholar 

Fukada M, Matsuhashi N, Takahashi T, Imai H, Tanaka Y, Yamaguchi K et al (2019) Risk and early predictive factors of anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 17(1):178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1716-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Penna M, Hompes R, Arnold S, Wynn G, Austin R, Warusavitarne J et al (2019) Incidence and risk factors for anastomotic failure in 1594 patients treated by transanal total mesorectal excision: results from the International TaTME Registry. Ann Surg 269(4):700–711. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002653

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skanberg J, Lundholm K, Haglind E (2007) Effects of blood transfusion with leucocyte depletion on length of hospital stay, respiratory assistance and survival after curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Acta Oncol 46(8):1123–1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860701441830

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amato A, Pescatori M (2006) Perioperative blood transfusions for the recurrence of colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005033.pub2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qiu L, Wang DR, Zhang XY, Gao S, Li XX, Sun GP et al (2016) Impact of perioperative blood transfusion on immune function and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Transfus Apher Sci 54(2):235–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2015.07.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katz SC, Shia J, Liau KH, Gonen M, Ruo L, Jarnagin WR et al (2009) Operative blood loss independently predicts recurrence and survival after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 249(4):617–623. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e31819ed22f

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Keshava A, Rickard MJ, Stewart P, Young CJ et al (2013) Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 257(5):909–915. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e318268a693

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Edna TH, Bjerkeset T (1998) Small bowel obstruction in patients previously operated on for colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg 164(8):587–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/110241598750005688

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Egenvall M, Morner M, Pahlman L, Gunnarsson U (2014) Degree of blood loss during surgery for rectal cancer: a population-based epidemiologic study of surgical complications and survival. Colorectal Dis 16(9):696–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12630

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leichtle SW, Mouawad NJ, Welch KB, Lampman RM, Cleary RK (2012) Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 55(5):569–575. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0b013e3182423c0d

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Menke H, Graf JM, Heintz A, Klein A, Junginger T (1993) Risk factors of perioperative morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer with special reference to tumor stage, site and age. Zentralbl Chir 118(1):40–46

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morner M, Gunnarsson U, Jestin P, Egenvall M (2015) Volume of blood loss during surgery for colon cancer is a risk determinant for future small bowel obstruction caused by recurrence-a population-based epidemiological study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 400(5):599–607

Article  Google Scholar 

Morner ME, Gunnarsson U, Jestin P, Svanfeldt M (2012) The importance of blood loss during colon cancer surgery for long-term survival: an epidemiological study based on a population based register. Ann Surg 255(6):1126–1128. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182512df0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okamura R, Hida K, Hasegawa S, Sakai Y, Hamada M, Yasui M et al (2016) Impact of intraoperative blood loss on morbidity and survival after radical surgery for colorectal cancer patients aged 80 years or older. Int J Colorectal Dis 31(2):327–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-015-2405-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Onodera H, Maetani S, Tobe T (1989) Effect of blood transfusion on prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 90(11):1890–1898

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vermeer TA, Orsini RG, Daams F, Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Rutten HJ (2014) Anastomotic leakage and presacral abscess formation after locally advanced rectal cancer surgery: Incidence, risk factors and treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 40(11):1502–1509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2014.03.019

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Warschkow R, Steffen T, Thierbach J, Bruckner T, Lange J, Tarantino I (2011) Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection and reconstruction with colorectostomy. A retrospective study with bootstrap analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 18(10):2772–2782. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-1696-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang HM, Hsu H, Chen SS, Liou TY (1989) Postoperative leakage of rectal cancer after EEA stapled anastomoses–analysis of 196 cases. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 5(7):398–403

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Post IL, Verheijen PM, Pronk A, Siccama I, Houweling PL (2012) Intraoperative blood pressure changes as a risk factor for anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis 27(6):765–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1381-7

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen JW, Chang WJ, Zhang ZY, He GD, Feng QY, Zhu DX et al (2020) Risk factors of anastomotic leakage after robotic surgery for low and mid rectal cancer. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 23(4):364–369. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20200212-00052

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chida K, Watanabe J, Suwa Y, Suwa H, Momiyama M, Ishibe A et al (2019) Risk factors for incisional surgical site infection after elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 3(2):202–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12229

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Floodeen H, Hallbook O, Rutegard J, Sjodahl R, Matthiessen P (2013) Early and late symptomatic anastomotic leakage following low anterior resection of the rectum for cancer: are they different entities? Colorectal Dis 15(3):334–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03195.x

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu X, Cheng Y (2015) A clinical parameters-based model predicts anastomotic leakage after a laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. Medicine 94(26):e1003

Article  Google Scholar 

Fouda E, El Nakeeb A, Magdy A, Hammad EA, Othman G, Farid M (2011) Early detection of anastomotic leakage after elective low anterior resection. J Gastrointest Surg 15(1):137–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-010-1364-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gessler B, Bock D, Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J, Angenete E (2016) Risk factors for anastomotic dehiscence in colon cancer surgery—a population-based registry study. Int J Colorectal Dis 31(4):895–902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-016-2532-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krarup PM, Jorgensen N, Adreasen AH et al (2012) A nationwide study on anastomotic leakage after colonic cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 14:e661–e667

Article  Google Scholar 

Poon JT, Law WL, Chow LC, Fan JK, Lo SH (2011) Outcome of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer in patients with high operative risk. Ann Surg Oncol 18(7):1884–1890. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-010-1530-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rybakov EG, Shelygin YA, Khomyakov EA, Zarodniuk IV (2017) Risk factors for postoperative ileus after colorectal cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.13888

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sagawa M, Yokomizo H, Yoshimatsu K, Yano Y, Okayama S, Sakuma A et al (2017) Relationship between Surgical Site Infection(SSI)Incidence and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 44(10):921–923

PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Pas MHGM, Deijen C, Abis GSA et al (2017) Conversions in laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Surg Endosc 31:2263–2270

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang W, Lou Z, Liu Q, Meng R, Gong H, Hao L et al (2017) Multicenter analysis of risk factors for anastomotic leakage after middle and low rectal cancer resection without diverting stoma: a retrospective study of 319 consecutive patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 32(10):1431–1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-017-2875-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nishizawa Y, Akagi T, Inomata M, Katayama H, Mizusawa J, Yamamoto S et al (2019) Risk factors for early postoperative complications after D3 dissection for stage II or III colon cancer: Supplementary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial in Japan (JCOG0404). Ann Gastroenterol Surg 3(3):310–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12246

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nesbakken A, Nygaard K, Westerheim O, Lunde OC, Mala T (2002) Audit of intraoperative and early postoperative complications after introduction of mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Eur J Surg 168(4):229–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/11024150260102843