Abciximab coated albumin nanoparticles of rutin for improved and targeted antithrombotic effect

In this work, we fabricated rutin (RTN)-loaded albumin nanoparticles (RTN-ALB-NPs) and abciximab (ABX) coated RTN-loaded albumin nanoparticles (ABX-RTN-ALB-NPs) for the targeted prevention and treatment of thrombosis. The prepared albumin nanoparticles were of 130–200 nm in particle size range with smooth and spherical surface morphology. The entrapment efficiency was achieved up to 73.08% with an in-vitro release rate of 34.49% in the first 4 h and 85.99% by the end of 72 h. The degree of ABX conjugation on the nanoparticle surface about 62% which was further confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis and Bradford assay. The serum stability and biocompatibility study demonstrated that the antithrombotic property of RTN was maintained, indicative of good serum stability and hemocompatibility. Moreover, the in-vitro targeting efficiency study showed approximately 10 to 20-fold much higher intracellular fluorescence intensities of targeted formulation than non-targeted formulation towards the activated platelets. The in-vitro platelet aggregation assay and blood clot assay also revealed that the inhibition of thrombus formation was significantly higher when treated with ABX-RTN-ALB-NPs than RTN-ALB-NPs. The findings showed that the developed nanoformulation is a potential site-specific delivery system of RTN for targeted prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

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