Clinical MedicineClinical trialsImmunology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI161400

Jason M. Redman,1,2 Jay Friedman,3 Yvette Robbins,3 Cem Sievers,3 Xinping Yang,3 Wiem Lassoued,4 Andrew Sinkoe,1 Antonios Papanicolau-Sengos,5 Chyi-Chia Lee,5 Jennifer L. Marte,1 Evrim Turkbey,6 Wojtek Mydlarz,7 Arjun Joshi,8 Nyall R. London Jr.,7 Matthew Pierce,9 Rodney Taylor,10 Steven Hong,11 Andy Nguyen,12 Patrick Soon-Shiong,12 Jeffrey Schlom,2 James L. Gulley,1 and Clint T. Allen3

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Redman, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Friedman, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Robbins, Y. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Sievers, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Yang, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Lassoued, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Sinkoe, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Papanicolau-Sengos, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Lee, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Marte, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Turkbey, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Mydlarz, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Joshi, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by London, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Pierce, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Taylor, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Hong, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Nguyen, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Soon-Shiong, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Schlom, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Gulley, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Genitourinary Malignancy Branch and

2Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

3Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

4Tumor Immune Microenvironment Laboratory, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, NCI, and

5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

6Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

7Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

8Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

9Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

10Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

11Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

12ImmunityBio, Culver City, California, USA.

Address correspondence to: Clint T. Allen, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA. Phone: 301.827.5620; Email: clint.allen@nih.gov.

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Find articles by Allen, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

Authorship note: JMR and JF are co–first authors.

Published June 21, 2022 - More info

Published in Volume 132, Issue 18 on September 15, 2022
J Clin Invest. 2022;132(18):e161400. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI161400.
© 2022 Redman et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Published June 21, 2022 - Version history
Received: April 26, 2022; Accepted: June 16, 2022 View PDF Related article:

Abstract

Patients with HPV-unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-unrelated HNSCC) show only modest benefit from treatment with PD-1 inhibitors (PD-1i). Targeting transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) may make PD-1i more effective by inducing T cell responses. In this issue of the JCI, Redman et al. performed a clinical trial in 14 patients with HPV-unrelated HNSCC using bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein that blocks PD-L1 and TGF-β. Primary tumors displayed pathologic responses with 5 of 14 patients having at least a partial response. While no primary tumor or metastatic lymph node demonstrated a complete pathologic response, the findings suggest that concurrent neoadjuvant inhibition of PD-L1 and TGF-β may provide a rational strategy to improve pathologic response and clinical outcome in patients with HPV-unrelated HNSCC.

Authors

R. Bryan Bell, Michael Gough, Marka Crittenden, Kristina Young

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