A proposed method for defining the required fortification level of micronutrients in foods: An example using iron

WHO, FAO. Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients. WHO Press; Geneva, 2006.

Kimura AH. Solving hidden hunger with fortified food. In Hidden Hunger: Gender and the Politics of Smarter Foods. Cornell University Press, 2013 http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1xx5n3.8. Accessed 5 April 2022.

Jiang L, Wang K, Lo K, Zhong Y, Yang A, Fang X, et al. Sex-specific association of circulating ferritin level and risk of type 2 diabetes: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:4539–51.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee DH, Kang SK, Choi WJ, Kwak KM, Kang D, Lee SH, et al. Association between serum ferritin and hypertension according to the working type in Korean men: the fifth Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey 2010-2012. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2018;30:40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghosh S, Thomas T, Kurpad AV, Sachdev HS. Is iron status associated with markers of non-communicable disease in Indian children? Res Sq. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1136688/v1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carriquiry AL. Assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy. Public Health Nutr. 1999;2:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980099000038. MarPMID: 10452728

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sachdev HS, Porwal A, Acharya R, Ashraf S, Ramesh S, Khan N, et al. Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia in a national sample of healthy children and adolescents aged 1-19 years in India: A population-based study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9:e822–e831.

Article  Google Scholar 

Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes. The essential guide to nutrient requirements. Washington (DC): National Academies Press;2006.

Allen LH, Carriquiry AL, Murphy SP. Perspective: Proposed harmonized nutrient reference values for populations. Adv Nutr. 2020;11:469–83.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kurpad AV, Ghosh S, Thomas T, Bandyopadhyay S, Goswami R, Gupta A, et al. Perspective: When the cure might become the malady: the layering of multiple interventions with mandatory micronutrient fortification of foods in India. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114:1261–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kurpad AV. Amino Acid Imbalances: Still in the Balance. J Nutr. 2018;148:1647–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kärberg K, Forbes A, Lember M. Raised dietary Zn:Cu ratio increases the risk of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.013.

National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB). Diet and Nutritional Status of Rural Population, Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes Among Adults and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices‑ Report of Third Repeat Survey. Hyderabad, India: National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council Med Res. 2012.

Indian Council of Medical Research / National Institute of Nutrition. Nutrient Requirements for Indians. Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2020.

Gera T, Sachdev HS, Boy E. Effect of iron-fortified foods on hematologic and biological outcomes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:309–24.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

WHO. Guideline: fortification of food-grade salt with iodine for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, UNICEF and Population Council. Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS). National Report 2016–2018. New Delhi, India: MoHFW, Government of India, UNICEF and Population Council; 2019.

Cyriac S, Haardörfer R, Neufeld LM, Girard AW, Ramakrishnan U, Martorell R, et al. High coverage and low utilization of the Double Fortified Salt program in Uttar Pradesh, India: Implications for program implementation and evaluation. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020;4:nzaa133 https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa133.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lewis J. Codex nutrient reference values. Rome. FAO, WHO. 2019.

Quevedo MR, Price GM, Halliday D, Pacy PJ, Millward DJ. Nitrogen homoeostasis in man: diurnal changes in nitrogen excretion, leucine oxidation and whole body leucine kinetics during a reduction from a high to a moderate protein intake. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994;86:185–93.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Raj T, El-Khoury A, Kuriyan R, Vaz M, et al. Lysine requirements of healthy adult Indian subjects receiving long-term feeding, measured with a 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation and balance technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:404–12.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

WHO, FAO, UNU. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition: Report of a Joint WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2007. WHO technical report series 935.

Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Peerson JM, Lonnerdal B, Dewey KG. Energy and protein intakes of breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life and their association with growth velocity: The DARLING study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58:152–61.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Walter PB, Fung EB, Killilea DW, Jiang Q, Hudes M, Madden J, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassaemia or sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2006;135:254–63.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Zimmermann MB, Fucharoen S, Winichagoon P, Sirankapracha P, Zeder C, Gowachirapant S, et al. Iron metabolism in heterozygotes for hemoglobin E (HbE), alpha-thalassemia 1, or beta-thalassemia and in compound heterozygotes for HbE/beta-thalassemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1026–31.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Paganini D, Zimmermann MB. The effects of iron fortification and supplementation on the gut microbiome and diarrhea in infants and children: A review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106:1688S–1693S.

Article  Google Scholar 

Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press (US), Washington DC; 2001.

Simcox JA, McClain DA. Iron and diabetes risk. Cell Metab. 2013;17:329–41.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ford ES, Cogswell ME. Diabetes and serum ferritin concentration among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1978–83.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Kim YE, Kim DH, Roh YK, Ju SY, Yoon YJ, Nam GE, et al. Relationship between serum ferritin levels and dyslipidemia in Korean adolescents. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0153167.

Article  Google Scholar 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif