Effects of 5-ALA mediated photodynamic therapy in oral cancer stem cells

ElsevierVolume 235, October 2022, 112552Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: BiologyHighlights•

5-ALA-PDT decreases cellular viability and migration in OSCC

5-ALA-PDT induces a functional decrease in the EPI-CSCs and EMT-CSCs

Higher susceptibility of EPI and EMT-CSCs is associated with high PpIX production.

OSCC differentiation was induced after 5-ALA-PDT.

5-ALA-PDT contributes for CSCs elimination in OSCC.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PDT using the photosensitizer 5-aminoulevulinic acid (5-ALA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) behavior, mainly regarding its role on the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes and in maintenance of the stem cell properties. Two OSCC cell lines were used and divided in the groups: Control, 5-ALA, LED 6 J/cm2 and PDT. MTT and Neutral red assays were used to access cellular viability, cell migration was evaluated by the wound healing assay. The stem cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the CD44high/ESAhigh, CD44high/ESAlow and CD44low populations, by the clonogenic and tumor sphere formation assays as well as by RT-qPCR. The presence of Protoporphyrin IX in each CSC fraction was evaluated by flow cytometry. The OSCC cell lines showed a significant decrease in cell viability and migration after PDT. The percentage of CD44high/ESAhigh cells decreased after PDT, which was associated with an increase in the CD44low cells and with a functional decrease in the colony and sphere formation capacity. CD44high/ESAhigh cells showed increased PpIX, which contributed for their greater sensitivity to PDT. INV gene increased significantly after PDT, indicating cellular differentiation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that 5-ALA mediated PDT decreases not only the fraction of oral CSC but also their functional capabilities, inducing their differentiation.

Keywords

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Photodynamic therapy

5-ALA

cancer stem cell

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© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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