aDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California

bDepartment of Biostatistics, St. Luke's Health System, Kansas City, Missouri

cDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles

dDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Adventist Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Helena

eDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital. San Francisco, California

fDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Correspondence to Eric A. Secemsky, MD, MSc, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 375 Longwood Avenue, Suite 440, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel: +1 617 632 7701; fax: +1 617 632 7620; e-mail: [email protected]

Received 17 September, 2021

Revised 3 February, 2022

Accepted 25 April, 2022

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