Article Summaries for September 2022 Psychosomatic Medicine, Volume 84, Issue 7

Specific types of gut bacteria have been associated with psychosocial traits and related behaviors in adults and children. Delgadillo et al. examined the association between prosocial self-regulating temperament of Effortful Control (EC) and its components with gut microbiota. Significant associations were found for EC with levels of Akkermansia, Dialister, and Alistipes. The EC components of cuddliness and attentional focusing displayed the strongest associations. This study suggests that certain microbes may be linked to prosocial behaviors used to regulate emotion in typically developing children.

Pages 749–756; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001103

Kim et al. aimed to investigate the association between depressive symptoms with gut microbiota in a large cohort of Korean adults (N = 1238). Individuals with depression had a lower relative abundance in the gut of the genus Faecalibacterium and significantly higher abundance of the genus Oscillospira compared to controls. The findings may provide useful insights for developing microbiota-based interventions for patients with depressive symptoms.

Pages 757–765; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001111

McSorley et al. investigated the relationship between John Henryism, which is a behavioral disposition typified by high-effort active coping that has been associated with adverse health outcomes among Blacks, and cognitive decline. They found that behavioral disposition to high-effort active coping was associated with lower average cognitive function but not with a decline of that function. These results highlight the importance of using culturally specific measures in considering the heterogeneity of cognitive health outcomes in minoritized populations.

Pages 766–772; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001113

Sakib et al. examined the association between cognitive function and adiposity in a large population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults. Poorer performance on cognitive performance tests was significantly associated with adiposity after adjustment for confounders. This association was primarily mediated through lifestyle behaviors and physical health status.

Pages 773–784; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001099

Behavioral risk factors for dementia, especially poor diet, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances, and depression, tend to co-occur and are inter-related. The burden of these modifiable behavioral risk factors (MBRFs) may predict a particularly shortened cognitive health span, and therefore, may signal high-risk status and high intervention need. Smagula et al. analyzed risk factor data and found that people with multiple MBRFs lived, on average, shorter lives, and a greater portion of their older adulthood in compromised cognitive health. The findings are relevant to the development of future dementia prevention programs in which MBRF reduction may improve cognitive health outcomes.

Pages 785–792; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001100

Previous research has demonstrated abnormalities in autonomic cardiovascular regulation in individuals with fibromyalgia, which may be relevant to the development and experience of somatic symptoms. Reyes del Paso et al. investigated the role of comorbid depression in patients with fibromyalgia as related to autonomic cardiovascular dysregulations. Participants with both fibromyalgia and depression had lower heart rate variability and other indicators of parasympathetic nervous system dysregulation than participants with fibromyalgia without depression and controls whereas participants with fibromyalgia but without depression did not differ from controls in these measures. Results underscore the importance of the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid depressive disorders in the management of fibromyalgia.

Pages 793–802; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001097

Patients with breast cancer (BCa) often experience elevated distress and frequently have elevated levels of inflammation markers. Taub et al. examined the relationship of self-reported cancer-related distress, circulating cortisol, and physiological stress; with s100A8/A9, a protein and receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE) ligand, an emerging cancer biomarker. Patients with BCa who reported more cancer-related thought intrusions and hyperarousal in the post-surgical period showed a greater physiological stress response. The relationship between cortisol and s100A8/A9 supports a link between the stress response and pro-inflammatory physiological processes known to predict greater metastatic risk in breast cancer.

Pages 803–807; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001109

Despite links between social support and diabetes outcomes, the causal mechanisms by which such effects unfold over time remain unknown. Research that integrates continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment offers the opportunity to study short-term, within-person associations between glucose fluctuations and social interactions in daily life. Using this approach, Soriano et al. found that partner involvement in daily diabetes self-care predicted improved next-hour glucose control, and less consistent support for the reverse pathway of glucose control predicting partner involvement.

Pages 808–812; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001106

The extent to which commonly used self-report psychosocial stress measures are related to neurobiological stress processes, especially across diverse populations, is unresolved. Kalesnikava et al. examined how two measures of psychosocial stress, perceived stress, and domain-specific stress, covary with the acute neurobiological stress response. Both self-report measures of psychosocial stress were associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to an acute stressor. These associations varied by perceived vs. domain-specific measurement scales and by neighborhood socioeconomic status. Further efforts to refine stress measures and clarify biological linkages between social status and health are needed.

Pages 813–821; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001112

Isasi et al. investigated whether the association of chronic stress with obesity is independent of genetic risk and whether it varies by underlying genetic risk. Using data from a community-based study of Hispanic/Latinos living in the United States, the study showed that there were small but significant associations of chronic stress and BMI and obesity. Furthermore, the relationship between chronic stress and obesity was not modified by genetic risk. Findings support continuing to include stress reduction strategies in obesity management programs.

Pages 822–827; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001107

Lehrer et al. developed an analytic strategy to estimate the impact of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) on sleep. Adolescents completed two consecutive nights of in-home ABPM and actigraphy. In girls, activity was elevated for five minutes post-cuff inflation before returning to baseline. Habituation occurred on night two, so two nights of ABPM can limit sleep disruption. If only one night of monitoring is feasible, excluding five minutes of actigraphy data after cuff inflation from the calculation of night-sleep variables would likely produce values relatively unaffected by BP cuff inflation.

Pages 828–835; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001098

Periodontal disease is a global public health concern that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. The systematic review and meta-analysis by Cai et al. evaluated the association with severe mental illness (SMI). Depending on the periodontal outcome, they found that people with SMI were between two and four times more likely to have some form of oral disease. Comprehensive psychiatric care can therefore be improved by including oral health given the links between periodontal disease with multiple other chronic systemic physical illnesses including cardiovascular disease.

Pages 836–847; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001102

Socioeconomic gradients in sleep quality have been previously observed in the literature and may be related to alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. Rocha et al. assessed sleep actigraphy and diurnal cortisol in a community sample of adolescents. While higher family income was related to longer sleep duration, greater parental education was related to shorter sleep. Diurnal cortisol statistically mediated links between parental education and sleep duration, highlighting the potential role of HPA axis functioning in socioeconomic differences in adolescent sleep.

Pages 848–855; https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000001104

The articles published in this issue of Psychosomatic Medicine were reviewed, edited, and accepted during the editorship of Willem J. Kop, who is now Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of Psychosomatic Medicine. He also edited the article summaries.

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