Systemic and Ocular Adverse Events with Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy Used in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: a Review

Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Cheloni R, Gandolfi SA, Signorelli C, Odone A. Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e022188.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Yau JWY, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):556–64.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Fogli S, Del Re M, Rofi E, Posarelli C, Figus M, Danesi R. Clinical pharmacology of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. Eye. 2018;32(6):1010–20.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Park SJ, Oh J, Kim Y-K, Park JH, Park JY, Hong HK, et al. Intraocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor-Trap in a rabbit model. Eye. 2015;29(4):561–8.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Ahn J, Kim H, Woo SJ, Park JH, Park S, Hwang DJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreally injected bevacizumab in vitrectomized eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2013;29(7):612–8.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Ahn SJ, Ahn J, Park S, Kim H, Hwang DJ, Park JH, et al. Intraocular pharmacokinetics of ranibizumab in vitrectomized versus nonvitrectomized eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(1):567–73.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

• Avery RL, Castellarin AA, Steinle NC, Dhoot DS, Pieramici DJ, See R, et al. Systemic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravitreal aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. Retina Phila Pa. 2017;37(10):1847. (This article discusses the pharmacokinetics of anti-VEGF agents.)

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings, DRS Report Number 8. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1981;88(7):583–600.

Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report Number 1 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103(12):1796–806.

Article  Google Scholar 

Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Gross JG, Glassman AR, Jampol LM, Inusah S, Aiello LP, et al. Panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;314(20):2137–46.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Maturi RK, Glassman AR, Josic K, Antoszyk AN, Blodi BA, Jampol LM, et al. Effect of intravitreous anti–vascular endothelial growth factor vs sham treatment for prevention of vision-threatening complications of diabetic retinopathy: the protocol w randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(7):701–12.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Brown DM, Wykoff CC, Boyer D, Heier JS, Clark WL, Emanuelli A, et al. Evaluation of intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(9):1–10.

PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Heier JS, Korobelnik J-F, Brown DM, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Do DV, Midena E, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(11):2376–85.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Daien V, Nguyen V, Essex RW, Morlet N, Barthelmes D, Gillies MC, et al. Incidence and outcomes of infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections for age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(1):66–74.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Brown DM, Nguyen QD, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, et al. Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(10):2013–22.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Shima C, Sakaguchi H, Gomi F, Kamei M, Ikuno Y, Oshima Y, et al. Complications in patients after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 2008;86(4):372–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Haruta M, Ishibashi K, Ishibashi Y, Dake S, Sasaki K, Noda R, et al. Multiple retinal vein thromboses after intravitreal aflibercept injections for age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 2020;98(4):e527–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chakravarthy U, Harding SP, Rogers CA, Downes SM, Lotery AJ, Culliford LA, et al. Alternative treatments to inhibit VEGF in age-related choroidal neovascularisation: 2-year findings of the IVAN randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2013;382(9900):1258–67.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Faruque LI, Lin M, Battistella M, Wiebe N, Reiman T, Hemmelgarn B, et al. Systematic review of the risk of adverse outcomes associated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(7):e101145.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ladas ID, Karagiannis DA, Rouvas AA, Kotsolis AI, Liotsou A, Vergados I. Safety of repeat intravitreal injections of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab: our experience after 2,000 injections. Retina. 2009;29(3):313–8.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Wu L, Martínez-Castellanos MA, Quiroz-Mercado H, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Farah ME, et al. Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin®): results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(1):81–7.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Nguyen QD, Brown DM, Marcus DM, Boyer DS, Patel S, Feiner L, et al. Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema: results from 2 phase III randomized trials: RISE and RIDE. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(4):789–801.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(13):1193–203.

PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rayess N, Rahimy E, Shah CP, Wolfe JD, Chen E, DeCroos FC, et al. Incidence and clinical features of post-injection endophthalmitis according to diagnosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(8):1058–61.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Mccannel CA. Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies. Retina. 2011;31(4):654–61.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Zafar S, Hamid A, Bin Mahmood SU, Burq MA, Maqsood N. Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections at a tertiary care hospital. Can J Ophthalmol. 2018;53(2):94–7.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Xu Y, Tan CS. Safety and complications of intravitreal injections performed in an Asian population in Singapore. Int Ophthalmol. 2017;37(2):325–32.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Fintak DR, Shah GK, Blinder KJ, Regillo CD, Pollack J, Heier JS, et al. Incidence of endophthalmitis related to intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Retina Phila Pa. 2008;28(10):1395–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

•• Xu K, Chin EK, Bennett SR, Williams DF, Ryan EH, Dev S, et al. Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(8):1279–86. (This study is a recent retrospective chart review of patients that received intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and the incidence of endophthalmitis.)

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Torres-Costa S, Ramos D, Brandão E, Carneiro Â, Rosas V, Rocha-Sousa A, et al. Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with and without topical antibiotic prophylaxis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(2):600–6.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Milder E, Vander J, Shah C, Garg S. Changes in antibiotic resistance patterns of conjunctival flora due to repeated use of topical antibiotics after intravitreal injection. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(7):1420–4.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

VanderBeek BL, Bonaffini SG, Ma L. The association between intravitreal steroids and post-injection endophthalmitis rates. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2311-2315.e1.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Wells JA, Glassman AR, Ayala AR, Jampol LM, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, et al. Aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(6):1351–9.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Writing committee for the Post-Injection Endophthalmitis Study Group, Patel SN, Tang PH, Storey PP, Wolfe JD, Fein J, et al. The influence of universal face mask use on endophthalmitis risk after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Ophthalmology. 2021;S0161–6420(21):00368–7.

Google Scholar 

Doshi RR, Leng T, Fung AE. Reducing oral flora contamination of intravitreal injections with face mask or silence. Retina Phila Pa. 2012;32(3):473–6.

Google Scholar 

Wen JC, McCannel CA, Mochon AB, Garner OB. Bacterial dispersal associated with speech in the setting of intravitreous injections. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(12):1551–4.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lau PET, Jenkins KS, Layton CJ. Current evidence for the prevention of endophthalmitis in anti-VEGF intravitreal injections. J Ophthalmol. 2018;24(2018):8567912.

Google Scholar 

Bhavsar AR, Glassman AR, Stockdale CR, Jampol LM. Diabetic retinopathy clinical research network. elimination of topical antibiotics for intravitreous injections and the importance of using povidone-iodine: update from the diabetic retinopathy clinical research network. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(10):1181–3.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Cheung CSY, Wong AWT, Lui A, Kertes PJ, Devenyi RG, Lam W-C. Incidence of endophthalmitis and use of antibiotic prophylaxis after intravitreal injections. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(8):1609–14.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lyall DAM, Tey A, Foot B, Roxburgh STD, Virdi M, Robertson C, et al. Post-intravitreal anti-VEGF endophthalmitis in the United Kingdom: incidence, features, risk factors, and outcomes. Eye. 2012;26(12):1517–26.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Grzybowski A, Told R, Sacu S, Bandello F, Moisseiev E, Loewenstein A, et al. 2018 Update on intravitreal injections: euretina expert consensus recommendations. Ophthalmologica. 2018;239(4):181–93.

PubMed  Article 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif