von Dadelszen P, Magee LA. Preventing deaths due to the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;36:83–102.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice. Hypertension. 2018;72:24–43.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

von Dadelszen P, Ayres de Campos D, Barivalala W. Classification of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In: Magee L, von Dadelszen P, Stones W, Mathai M, editors. The FIGO textbook of pregnancy hypertension. London: The Global Library of Women’s Medicine; 2016. p. 33–61.

Google Scholar 

Magee LA, Sharma S, Nathan HL, Adetoro OO, Bellad MB, Goudar S, et al. The incidence of pregnancy hypertension in India, Pakistan, Mozambique, and Nigeria: a prospective population-level analysis. PLoS Med. 2019;16(4):e1002783.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Payne B, Hanson C, Sharma S, Magee L, von Dadelszen P. Epidemiology of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In: Magee L, von Dadelszen P, Stones W, Mathai M, editors. The FIGO textbook of pregnancy hypertension. London: The Global Library of Women’s Medicine; 2016. p. 63–74.

Google Scholar 

Dodd JM, O’Brien C, Grivell RM. Preventing pre-eclampsia—are dietary factors the key? BMC Med. 2014;12(1):176.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xu H, Shatenstein B, Luo Z-C, Wei S, Fraser W. Role of nutrition in the risk of preeclampsia. Nutr Rev. 2009;67:639–57.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Hewitt BG, Newnham JP. A review of the obstetric and medical complications leading to the delivery of infants of very low birthweight. Med J Aust. 1988;149(5):234–42.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Henderson JJ, McWilliam OA, Newnham JP, Pennell CE. Preterm birth aetiology 2004–2008. Maternal factors associated with three phenotypes: spontaneous preterm labour, preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes and medically indicated preterm birth. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2012;25(6):642–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Achamrah N, Ditisheim A. Nutritional approach to preeclampsia prevention. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care. 2018;21:168–73.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Roberts JM, Balk JL, Bodnar LM, Belizá JM, Bergel E, Martinez A. Nutrient involvement in preeclampsia. J Nutr. 2003;133:1684–92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sibai BM. Prevention of preeclampsia: a big disappointment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(5):1275–8.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah ÁN, Duley L, Torloni MR. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001059.pub5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hofmeyr GJ, Betrán AP, Singata-Madliki M, Cormick G, Munjanja SP, Fawcus SS, et al. Prepregnancy and early pregnancy calcium supplementation among women at high risk of pre-eclampsia: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10169):330–9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Schoenaker DAJM, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Mishra GD. The association between dietary factors and gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Med. 2014;12(1):157.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Neuhouser ML. Red and processed meat: more with less? Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111:252–5.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theory Pract. 2005;8(1):19–32.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Munn Z, Peters MDJ, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18(1):1–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Potischman N, Weed DL. Causal criteria in nutritional epidemiology. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(6):1309S-1314S.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Olmos-Ortiz A, Avila E, Durand-Carbajal M, Díaz L. Regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis and activity: focus on gestational vitamin D deficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nutrients. 2015;7:443–80.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brannon PM, Picciano MF. Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation in humans. Annu Rev Nutr. 2011;31(1):89–115.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Agarwal S, Kovilam O, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D and its impact on maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnancy: a critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(5):755–69.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Kaludjerovic J, Vieth R. Relationship between vitamin D during perinatal development and health. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2010;55(6):550–60.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Barrera D, Díaz L, Noyola-Martínez N, Halhali A. Vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines in healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies. Nutrients. 2015;7:6465–90.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Chan SY, Susarla R, Canovas D, Vasilopoulou E, Ohizua O, McCabe CJ, et al. Vitamin D promotes human extravillous trophoblast invasion in vitro. Placenta. 2015;36(4):403–9.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Gaynor LM, Colucci F. Uterine natural killer cells: Functional distinctions and influence on pregnancy in humans and mice. Front Immunol. 2017;8(APR):467.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hyppönen E, Cavadino A, Williams D, Fraser A, Vereczkey A, Fraser WD, et al. Vitamin D and pre-eclampsia: original data, systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Nutr Metab. 2014;63:331–40.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cardus A, Panizo S, Encinas M, Dolcet X, Gallego C, Aldea M, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates VEGF production through a vitamin D response element in the VEGF promoter. Atherosclerosis. 2009;204(1):85–9.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Aghajafari F, Nagulesapillai T, Ronksley PE, Tough SC, O’Beirne M, Rabi DM. Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational Studies. BMJ. 2013;346(7902):f1169.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Akbari S, Khodadadi B, Ahmadi SAY, Abbaszadeh S, Shahsavar F. Association of vitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency with risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;57(2):241–7.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Yuan Y, Tai W, Xu P, Fu Z, Wang X, Long W, et al. Association of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with risk of preeclampsia: a nested case-control study and meta-analysis. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2019;34:1576–85.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Lasserrot-Cuadrado A, Mur-Villar N, León-Ríos XA, Rivero-Blanco T, Pérez-Castillo IM. Vitamin D, preeclampsia and prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies. Midwifery. 2020;87: 102707.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Benachi A, Baptiste A, Taieb J, Tsatsaris V, Guibourdenche J, Senat MV, et al. Relationship between vitamin D status in pregnancy and the risk for preeclampsia: a nested case-control study. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):440–6.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Pisal H, Dangat K, Randhir K, Khaire A, Mehendale S, Joshi S. Higher maternal plasma folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in women with preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens. 2019;33(5):393–9.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Liu C, Luo D, Wang Q, Ma Y, Ping L, Wu T, et al. Serum homocysteine and folate concentrations in early pregnancy and subsequent events of adverse pregnancy outcome: the Sichuan Homocysteine study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):176.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Bergen NE, Jaddoe VWV, Timmermans S, Hofman A, Lindemans J, Russcher H, et al. Homocysteine and folate concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: the generation R study. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;119(6):739–51.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ray JG, Laskin CA. Folic acid and homocyst(e)ine metabolic defects and the risk of placental abruption, pre-eclampsia and spontaneous pregnancy loss: a systematic review. Placenta. 1999;20(7):519–29.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Poston L, Raijmakers MTM. Trophoblast oxidative stress, antioxidants and pregnancy outcome—a review. Placenta. 2004;25(SUPPL. A):S72–8.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Rumbold AR, Maats FHE, Crowther CA. Dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;119(1):67–71.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar