Serum IgM antibody response to Clostridioides difficile polysaccharide PS-II vaccination in pony foals

Elsevier

Available online 3 September 2022, 102635

AnaerobeHighlights•

Clostridioides difficile polysaccharide PS-II is immunogenic in foals.

Vaccination of foals with C. difficile PS-II raises anti-PS-II serum IgM antibodies.

No adverse reactions were observed following vaccination with PS-II in foals.

AbstractObjectives

Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) is associated with colitis in foals and mature horses. C. difficile exposes specific phosphorylated polysaccharides (PSs), named PS-I, PS-II and PS-III. These cell-surface PSs are potential vaccine targets, especially the hexasaccharide phosphate PS-II, that has been found in all C. difficile ribotypes examined. Since we previously identified anti-PS-II circulating antibodies in horses, we postulated that vaccinating foals with PS-II may prevent colonization by C. difficile. In this study, we aim to evaluate the IgM antibody responses in foals to PS-II.

Methods

To evaluate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of C. difficile PS-II in foals, three-to four-month-old foals were vaccinated intramuscularly three times at intervals of three weeks with 100 μg/dose (3 foals) or 500 μg/dose (3 foals) of purified PS-II antigen with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, or with a placebo preparation (2 foals) containing adjuvant alone.

Results

No injection site swelling, pain or fever was observed after vaccination. Two of the three foals receiving 100 μg/dose, and three out of three foals receiving 500 μg/dose of PS-II responded with increases in serum IgM antibodies. No control foals that received the placebo had IgM responses to PS-II. There was a trend towards a higher response rate in foals receiving 500  μg PS-II one week after second vaccination when compared to control foals and towards higher concentrations of serum IgM antibodies in foals receiving 500  μg PS-II.

Conclusions

No adverse reactions were observed following vaccination with PS-II in foals; Serum IgM immune responses were induced by vaccination. A polysaccharide-based vaccine for C. difficile in horses deserves further investigation.

Keywords

Horse

Foals

Clostridioides difficile

Polysaccharide

PS-II

Vaccine

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