Genome-wide DNA hypermethylation opposes healing in patients with chronic wounds by impairing epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Research ArticleDermatologyTherapeutics Open Access | 10.1172/JCI157279

Kanhaiya Singh,1,2 Yashika Rustagi,1 Ahmed S. Abouhashem,1,3 Saba Tabasum,1,2 Priyanka Verma,1 Edward Hernandez,1 Durba Pal,2,4 Dolly K. Khona,1,2 Sujit K. Mohanty,1 Manishekhar Kumar,1 Rajneesh Srivastava,1 Poornachander R. Guda,1 Sumit S. Verma,1 Sanskruti Mahajan,1 Jackson A. Killian,5 Logan A. Walker,5 Subhadip Ghatak,1,2 Shomita S. Mathew-Steiner,1,2 Kristen E. Wanczyk,1 Sheng Liu,6 Jun Wan,6 Pearlly Yan,7 Ralf Bundschuh,5,8,9 Savita Khanna,1,2 Gayle M. Gordillo,1 Michael P. Murphy,1 Sashwati Roy,1,2 and Chandan K. Sen1,2

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Singh, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Rustagi, Y. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Abouhashem, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Tabasum, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Verma, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Hernandez, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Pal, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Khona, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Mohanty, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Kumar, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Srivastava, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Guda, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Verma, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Mahajan, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Killian, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Walker, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Ghatak, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Mathew-Steiner, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Wanczyk, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Liu, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Wan, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Yan, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Bundschuh, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Khanna, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Gordillo, G. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

Find articles by Murphy, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

3Sharkia Clinical Research Department, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.

4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India.

5Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

6Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

7Comprehensive Cancer Center,

8Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and

9Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Address correspondence to: Kanhaiya Singh, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 1.317.278.3411; Email: kanh@iu.edu. Or to: Chandan K. Sen, 975 W Walnut Street, Suite IB-454A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.2736; Email: cksen@iu.edu.

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