[Neurobiology] The Contribution of Innervation to Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Adam P.W. Johnston1 and Freda D. Miller2 1Department of Applied Human Sciences; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada 2Michael Smith Laboratories; Department of Medical Genetics; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada Correspondence: adjohnstonupei.ca; freda.millermsl.ubc.ca

Animals such as amphibians have an incredible capacity for regeneration with some being able to regrow their tail or appendages. Although some mammalian tissues like the skin and bones can repair following injury, there are only a few examples of true multilineage regeneration, including the distal portion of the digit tip. In both amphibians and mammals, however, to achieve successful repair or regeneration, it is now appreciated that intact nerve innervation is a necessity. Here, we review the current state of literature and discuss recent advances that identify axon-derived signals, Schwann cells, and nerve-derived mesenchymal cells as direct and indirect supporters of adult tissue homeostasis and repair. We posit that understanding how nerves positively influence repair and regeneration could lead to targeted regenerative medicine strategies to enhance tissue repair in humans.

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